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Classics: The Iliad > Books > Flashcards

Books Flashcards

1
Q

What does book 1 begin in?( writing technique )

A

Medius Res- middle of the action

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2
Q

What epithet is used in book 1 to describe Achilleus?

A

Godlike Achilleus

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3
Q

Who raised a “vile plague throughout the army”?

A

Apollo- son of Zeus and Leto

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4
Q

Why did Apollo raise the plague in book 1?

A

Because Agamemnon dishonoured his priest- Chryses- the priest of Apollo

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5
Q

Bk 1) Why did Chryses go to the vast ships of the achaians?

A

To gain release for his daughter Chryseïs

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6
Q

Bk 1) what did Chryses bring with him for release of his daughter?

A

Unlimited ransom

The sacred woollen Bands of Apollo wreathed on a golden staff

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7
Q

Bk 1) Why does Agamemnon have Chryseïs?

A

They sacked Chryse and she was his prize

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8
Q

How long did the plague of arrows last for?

A

9 days

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9
Q

What epithet is uses to describe Apollo coming down to earth?

A

His coming was like night

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10
Q

What epithet is used to describe Hera?

A

White-armed goddess

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11
Q

Bk1) Who puts the idea of calling an assembly into Achilleus’ mind?

A

Hera

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12
Q

Bk 1)Which augur does Achilleus go to for help?

A

kalchas

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13
Q

Who is the father of kalchas?

A

Thestor

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14
Q

What does Kalchas make Achilleus do?

A

Swear an oath that he will help him in word and action

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15
Q

Who does Kalchas think he will anger?

A

Agamemnon

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16
Q

What does the Iliad ( book 1) begin with?

A

The proem- an invocation to the goddess to sing of achilleus’ anger!

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17
Q

Who is Achilleus the son of?

A

Peleus

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18
Q

Who is Agamemnon the son of?

A

Atreus

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19
Q

Who is hector the son of?

A

Priam and hekabe

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20
Q

Who retrains Achilleus from killing Agamemnon?

A

Athena- sent by Hera

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21
Q

How does Athens stop Achilleus from killing Agamemnon?

A

Grabs him by his hair- visible to him alone

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22
Q

Who mediates the argument between Agamemnon and Achilleus?

A

Nestor

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23
Q

What does Kalchas tell Achilleus and agamemnon to do?

A

Respect him
Agamemnon should not take briseïs
Achilleus should not seek open quarrel with the king

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24
Q

What does Achilleus do after the argument in book 1?

A

Goes back to his huts

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25
Q

What does Aga do after the argument in book 1?

A

Puts Chryseïs on board a ship with 20 oarsmen, 100 oxen ad Odysseus

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26
Q

Before Agamemnon sets of to return Chryseïs in book 1, what does he do and who does he send??

A

He sends his two heralds, eurybates and talthybios to take briseïs

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27
Q

Who brings out briseïs in book 1?

A

Patroklos

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28
Q

What does Achilleus do whilst he is sitting by the ships in book 1?

A

Prays to his mother- Thetis

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29
Q

What does Achilleus ask thetis to do in book 1?

A

Supplicants to Zeus no ask him to bring aid to the Trojans

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30
Q

Why does Achilleus think Thetis will be able to help him in book 1?

A

Because she rescued Zeus once before, so he owes her

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31
Q

Why is Zeus not in Olympus?

A

He is feasting with the blameless Ethiopians

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32
Q

What do the achaians do once they have returned Chryseïs?

A

Feast and dance and sing for the gods

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33
Q

When Thetis supplicants Zeus, what is his response?

A

He is SILENT

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34
Q

When Thetis supplicants Zeus for the second time, how does he reply?

A

IN VEXATION

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35
Q

In book 3- who come on with cries and shouting- like cranes?

A

The Trojans

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36
Q

In book 3, who come on in silence?

A

The Achaians

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37
Q

When Paris is walking with the Trojans, what is he wearing and holding?

A

A leaped skin and. Curved bow

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38
Q

What is Paris trying to do at the beginning of book 3?

A

Dual with anyone he can

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39
Q

Who sees Paris at the beginning of book 1 and wants to get revenge?

A

Menelaus

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40
Q

What does Paris do when he sees menlaos?

A

He hides and goes back into the mass of the Trojan army

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41
Q

Who attacks Paris with insulting words?

A

Hektor

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42
Q

What’s foes Hektor call Paris in book 3?

A

Woman-crazed seducer, good for nothing but looks, pest

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43
Q

What does Paris suggest he and Menelaus do?

A

Have a dual to win Helen

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44
Q

Who tells Helen to go and watch the dual in book 3?

A

Iris disguised as Loadike, her sister-in-law

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45
Q

What is Helen doing when she is found by iris in book 3?

A

Working at the loom weaving a cloth of purple with scene of the conflict on

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46
Q

Who does Helen talk to at the skaian gates?

A

Priam

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47
Q

Who does Priam ask about?

A

Agamemnon and Odysseus and aias

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48
Q

What is said about Odysseus in bk 3?

A

He is good at Speaking

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49
Q

What epithet is send to describe Odysseus?

A

Resourceful Odysseus

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50
Q

What dramatic irony is used in bk 3?

A

Helen can’t see her brothers amidst the crowd!

We already know that they are dead

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51
Q

What quote that is an oxymoron is used in book 3, that refers to Helens brothers?

A

The life giving earth already held them under

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52
Q

What is the arming order?

A 
Greaves
Corselet
Bronze sword
Shield
Helmet
Spear
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53
Q

In the dual between Paris and Menelaus, who throws their spear first?

A

Paris

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54
Q

Who rescues Paris during his dual with Menelaus and what do they do?

A

Aphrodite.

She breaks the strap Menelaus is dragging him by and wraps him in a thick mist and takes him to his bedroom

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55
Q

Where does Aphrodite find Helen in bk 3?

A

In her tower surrounded by women

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56
Q

What does Aphrodite tell Helen to do in bk 3, when she finds her in her tower?

A

Go to Paris

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57
Q

How does Helen recognise Aphrodite?

A

By her neck, breaths and eyes

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58
Q

What happens at the end of book 3 with Helen?

A

Helen goes to bed with Paris

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59
Q

Where is book 4 set?

A

Olympus and earth

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60
Q

What are the gods doing at the beginning of book 4?

A

Having an assembly in the golden courtyard in Olympus

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61
Q

Who is at the assembly in book 4?

A

All the gods by Zeus’ Side+ he be is pouring the nectar

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62
Q

What is Zeus saying in his taunt to Hera ?

A

That her and Athens are not helping Menelaus whereas Aphrodite is ways saving Paris. They need to decide whether to start a new war or set friendship between the two sides.

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63
Q

Why do both Athens and Hera support the Greeks?

A

Because Paris (Trojan) didn’t choose them to be the most beautiful when he gave Aphrodite the golden apple

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64
Q

Why was Zeus’ favourite city Troy?

A

Because his alter never went without a share of feasting, libation of wine and the smoke of sacrifice .

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65
Q

What is the deal Zeus and Hera make in book 4?

A

That Zeus will let Hera do what she wants with Troy as long as next time Zeus wants to sack a city that is dear the her, she will let him have his way.
She lets Homs have, Sparta, mykene and Argos

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66
Q

Who does Zeus tell to go to earth to get the Trojans the break the oath?

A

Athens

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67
Q

What is athene described as in book 4?

A

A star

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68
Q

Who does athene disguise herself as In book 4

A

Loadakos

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69
Q

Who does athene fine in book 4, to get to shoot Menelaus?

A

Pandarus

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70
Q

Why is the scene in bk 4, about pandaros shooting the deer so long and descriptive?

A

It draws attention to the significance of that scene.
It is the act the restarts the battle
Breaking the oath

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71
Q

When they prepare for battle again in book 4,is Agamemnon supportive or not?

A

He is supportive, he urges on the achaians

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72
Q

Who does Agamemnon bump into, who is giving the achaians good advice in book 4?

A

Nestor

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73
Q

What does aga say to Odysseus in book 4, to urge him on to fight?

A

That he always joins in when they r feasting and such, but he isn’t. Isn’t contributing to the battle.

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74
Q

What does Agamemnon say to diomedes in bk 4, to get him to fight?

A

Compares him to his father

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75
Q

What personification is used in book 4?

A

Terror, panic and strife- the insatiable sister and workmates of Ares

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76
Q

When the war restarts in book 4, who is first to shoot a Trojan?

A

Antilochus

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77
Q

Who kills simoeisios in book 4?

A

Aias

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78
Q

What does book 6 start with?

A

The continuation of battle

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79
Q

Which rivers does the battle in book 6 take place between?

A

Simoeis and xanthos

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80
Q

Who first breaks the top Roman line and kills akamas?

A

Aias

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81
Q

Who kills Axylos, a man rich on substance, in book 6?

A

Diomedes

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82
Q

What does adrestos do to Menelaus when he is about to be killed?

A

Supplicates Menelaus and offers him unlimited ransom

83
Q

Who tells Menelaus to kill adrestos in book 6?

A

Agamemnon

84
Q

Who offers good advice to the achaians in book 6 for battle?

A

Nestor

85
Q

Who tells hector and Aineias to spur on the Trojans in book 6?

A

Helenos

86
Q

What does Helenos tell hector to do in book 6?

A

Go to the city and get both their mums to to gather the old women of the city and go to Athenes temple.
Open the door with the key and place a large robe on Athenes knees and sacrifice 12 heifers.
Ask her to take pity on their wives and children and hold diomedes back.

87
Q

Because the Trojans rally was so strong in book 6, what did the Greeks think had happened?

A

The gods had helped them

88
Q

Who does diomedes meet in book 6?

A

Glaukos

89
Q

Because glaukos is so brave in book 6, what does diomedes think he might be?

A

A God

90
Q

Why do glaukos and diomedes become friends?

A

Because it turns out their families were friends?

91
Q

What do glaukos and diomedes trade? And who gets the better bargain?

A

Armour.

Diomedes, because Zeus takes away glaukos’ wits and he trades his gold for diomedes bronze.

92
Q

When hector reaches the skaian gate, who is he met by?

A

Women and daughters

93
Q

When hector arrives at priams house in book 6, who is he met by?

A

Hekabe, loadike

94
Q

When Hektor arrives at priams house In book 6, what does hekabe offer him?

A

Wine

95
Q

What does Hektor do when he reaches priams house, by 6?

A

Tells her to get her the women and carry out helenos’ orders

96
Q

What is the robe that hekabe gets for Athens described as?

A

Gleaming like a star

97
Q

Who is The priestess of Athene who open the door of her temple in book 6?

A

Theano

98
Q

What is Athenes response to the women’s prayers in bk 6?

A

She shook her head in refusal

99
Q

When Hektor finds Paris in his bedroom, what is he holding?

A

A spear 11 cubits in length

100
Q

What is Paris doing in his bedroom when Hektor finds him in bk 6?

A

Fussing over his amour!

101
Q

What armour is Paris fussing over in book 6 that portrays him as weak and cowardly?

A

Courselet
Shield
Curved bow

102
Q

What epithet is used to describe Hektor?

A

Hektor of the glinting helmet

103
Q

What does Hektor say to Paris In bk 6, when he is in his bedroom?

A

That he must go back to battle

104
Q

When hector leaves priams house I’m bk6, where does he go?

A

To his own house

105
Q

What is andromache’s epithet?

A

White armed Andromache

106
Q

When Hektor arrives at his house in bk 6, where is Andromache?

A

A the great tower of ilios

107
Q

When he meets Andromache, she else I’d with her?

A

Their son

108
Q

What is hectors son called?

A

Anstynax

109
Q

What is Anstynax epithet?

A

Anstynax, Lord of the city

110
Q

What is unusual about the advice Andromache gives hektor?

A

It is military advice, which is out of her realm

111
Q

What does Andromache try and convince Hektor to do?

A

Stay with them

112
Q

What does Hektor say will happen?

A

Troy will fall and Andromache will live in misery as a slave?

113
Q

What Hektor goes to hold Anstynax, what does he do?

A

He cries because he is scared of his helmet

114
Q

What does Hektor do when Anstynax cries at his helmet?

A

Takes it off and kisses him

115
Q

In book 6, Hektor prays to Zeus for Anstynax, what does he ask?

A

That he will become as great a hero as he is

116
Q

What does Hektor tell Andromache to do in book 6?

A

Go back home and work

117
Q

What does Andromache do when she gets back home in book 6?

A

Mourns Hektor.

118
Q

In book 6, what epic simile is use to describe Paris racing down to meet Hektor for battle?

A

A horse etc etc etc…

119
Q

What is happening at the beginning of bk 9?

A

The Achaians are being thrashed by the Trojans

120
Q

What simile is used to describe the leading men of the Achaians being struck down with unbearable sorrow?

A

As when two winds come suddenly and whip the fish-filled sea.

121
Q

At the beginning of book 9, what does Agamemnon call?

A

An assembly

122
Q

In book 9, what does Agamemnon want to do because he is being cowardly?

A

Go home

123
Q

Who suggests to Agamemnon in bk 9, that he is being cowardly and could go home but he and sthenelos will stay?

A

Diomedes

124
Q

In bk 9, who brings diomedes’ speech to a conclusion?

A

Nestor

125
Q

What does diomedes say in his speech to the Achaians in book 9?

A

That they should stop fighting for the night and have a feast, the guards should stand along the wall of the ditch and Agamemnon should pare a fest for the elders.

126
Q

What does Nestor want to win achilleus over with in book 9?

A

Soothing gifts and kind persuasion

127
Q

Who is chosen to go to get achilleus in bk 9?

A

Aias , Odysseus, Phoenix

128
Q

When the embassy arrives at achilleus, what does achilleus offer them?

A

Xenia

129
Q

Who is first to tell achilleus of the Achaians misfortune in bk 9?

A

Odysseus

130
Q

Who have the Achaians noticed is favouring the Trojans in bk 9?

A

Zeus

131
Q

What does Hektor plan to do in bk9?

A

Burn the Achaians ships

132
Q

What person, special to achilleus, in bk 9, does Odysseus use totes to persuade him to come back to battle?

A

His father!

133
Q

What does achilleus say in his response to Odysseus plead for him to return to battle in bk 9?

A

He doesn’t think anyone will be able to win him over
There’s no point, he won’t get a fair prize
Coward and hero are honoured alike
He doesn’t trust aga. He will just take back what he is offering
This is said he has two fates
Advises others to go back
Tells Phoenix to stay with him

134
Q

What does Phoenix say in the embassy to achilleus, bk 9?

A

That he was a father to achilleus and he should prefect him from shameful destruction.
He taught him to be a speaker of words and a doer of deeds
Doesn’t want to be without him
He should not have a heart that does not forgive
He is being offered so much,he should forgive
Tells a story

135
Q

What does achilleus say to Phoenix in his response to the embassy?

A

Knows he is being he,d in honour by Zeus so there is not much point in going back
He will share his kingdom with him

136
Q

What does Aias say in the embassy?

A

They must go back and tell a game,non and the others what achilleus has decided not to go back.
He is a cruel man who does not care for his companions
Has no pity

137
Q

What is happening in book 11, that’s!es achilleus interested in the battle?

A

The Achaians are being thrashed, and achilleus notices someone being brought out wounded

138
Q

Who does achilleus send to nesters hut in book11?

A

Patroklos

139
Q

In book 11, what is Patroklos described as?

A

Godlike

Looking like Ares

140
Q

What does achilleus expect the. Achaians will do now, in bk 11?

A

Come crawling back to him

141
Q

In bk 11, when Patroklos goes to nestors but, why does Nestor offer that Patroklos declines?

A

Xenia

142
Q

Who des Nestor say has been injured in battle in bk 11?

A

Agamemnon
Diomedes
Eurypylos
Odysseus

143
Q

In bk 11, where does Agamemnon get hit by an arrow?

A

Mid-arm below the elbow

144
Q

What happens to Agamemnon in bk 11, that means he can’t fight any longer?

A

He gets shot and the pain is compared to childbirth

145
Q

In bk 11, why does hector gocrazy with fighting spirit?

A

He realises Agamemnon is gone and the Trojans are being supported by Zeus

146
Q

In bk 11, who badly shoots an arrow at diomedes and misses?

A

Paris

147
Q

Where does Paris arrow land in diomedes in bk 11?

A

It only scrapes his foot

148
Q

What does Nestor say the advice given to patroklos by his father was, in bk 11?

A

To guide achilleus and five him advice as he is not as good a warrior as him but he is older.

149
Q

At the beginning of book 16, where is the fighting taking place?

A

All around the ships

150
Q

What simile does achilleus compare Patroklos to when he is crying? Bk 16

A

A little girl etc…

151
Q

In bk 16, when Patroklos is crying, does achilleus feel pity for him?

A

Yes! He wants to know what is the matter

152
Q

In bk 16, what does Patroklos say about achilleus to achilleus?

A

He is “impossible to deal with”
His pride is ruinous
He is a cruel man

153
Q

What suggestion does Patroklos make to achilleus in book 16?

A

What Nestor suggested, that he goes to war in achilleus armour

154
Q

What foreshadowing of Patroklos death is there in bk 16?

A

Direct address- poor fool- what he was begging would be a wretched death for himself and his own destruction

155
Q

What does achilleus say about his own anger in bk 16?

A

That he should give it up

156
Q

What does A instruct P to do in book 16, when he is going into battle?

A

Simply drive the Trojans awY from their ships and then turn back.

157
Q

In book 16, who else gets attacked by the Trojans?

A

Aias

158
Q

Who are the immortal horses introduced in book 16, who belong to Achilleus?

A

Xanthos and balios

159
Q

What prayer does achilleus make to Zeus in book 16. About patroklos?

A

That he gets glory in battle and a safe return. Unharmed

160
Q

When achilleus prays to Zeus in book 16, what does Zeus do?

A

Grants him only half his prayer

161
Q

When the myrmidons go into battle, what simile is used to describe them,

A

Swarmed at once like wasps

162
Q

Who is the Trojan leader patroklos kills?

A

Pyraichmes

163
Q

What euphemisms are used to describe death?

A 
Collapsed his strength 
 Darkness covered over his eyes
Strong fate took him
Mist spread down over his eyes
Black Death covered him over
164
Q

What change in seem in patroklos in book 16?

A

He becomes a great warrior, different personality, brutal

165
Q

Which son of Zeus is killed by patroklos?

A

Sarpedon

166
Q

What choice does Zeus have to make about sarpedon?

A

Whether to save him or let him die, as is fate

167
Q

What does Hera say about Zeus deciding whether to save sarpedon?

A

Says the gods will disapprove if he saves him

168
Q

What is sarpedon a death compared to?

A

Falling like an oak tree/pine/ poplar when it is cut down

169
Q

What does patroklos pray to apollo for in book 16?

A

Asks him to heal his wound

170
Q

What does Zeus tell Apollo o do to sarpedon a body?

A

Clean and protect it

171
Q

What does Apollo anoint sarpedon a body with?

A

Ambrosia

Immortal clothing

172
Q

What mistake does patroklos make in battle that is fatal?

A

Does not turn back once he has driven the Trojans Way from the fighting

173
Q

What did patroklos do three times?

A

Try to climb the walls of try

174
Q

Who stops Patroklos, from climbing the wLls of Troy in 16

A

Apollo

175
Q

What form does Apollo are when he asks hector why he has stopped fighting?

A

His uncle, Asios

176
Q

What does Apollo do to help the trojans in bk 16?

A

Goes into battle and. Brings confusion to the Greeks and glory to the Trojans

177
Q

Who is hektors charioteer that P kills?

A

Kebriones

178
Q

How does patroklos die in book 16?

A

Apollo, hidden in a thick Mist, hits him on the back and knocks him down and the helmet off his head
Dardanian man, euphorbus spears him
Hektor spears him n the belly

179
Q

When P is dying , what does he say to Hektor?

A

That he was only third in killing in no he prophesies his death

180
Q

What is happening at the v beginning of book 18?

A

Battle

181
Q

Who goes to Achilleus in book 18, to tell him P was killed?

A

Antiochus

182
Q

Where does Antilochus find Achilleus in book 18?

A

In front of the horned ships

183
Q

What does Achilleus do in mourning for Ps death?

A

Cries and pours sooty dust over his head.

Tears at his hair with his hands

184
Q

In book 18, why is Thetis and the other goddesses grieving for Achilleus,

A

Because they know he will soon die

185
Q

Achilleus wants to go back to battle in book 18, but why can’t he?

A

He doesn’t have any armour

186
Q

Who does Thetis say she will get armour from in bk 18?

A

Hephaistos

187
Q

Who does Hera send to tel Achilleus to arm himself and go to battle in book 18?

A

Iris

188
Q

What does iris tell Achilleus to do in the meantime as he has no armour?

A

Go to a ditch as he is and it will care the Trojans

189
Q

What dos Athens do to Achilleus to make him scary in book 18?

A

Wraps him in the tasseled aegis and puts a golden cloud around his head and makes a gleaming flame burn from it

190
Q

How many times do Achilleua shout from the ditch in bk 18?

A

3 times

191
Q

Whose good advice does Hektor refuse in book 18?

A

Poulydamas

192
Q

In bk 18, what bad advice does hector give the Trojans that they all follow?

A

Stay and have dinner then start the war in the morning by the ships

193
Q

In book 18, what does achilleus decide to do to avenge the death of P?

A

Kill hector and twelve Trojan children

194
Q

What do the avian as do to patroklos’ body in book 18?

A

Was the blood from it and leave it in the ships protected by Trojan and dardanian women

195
Q

In bk 18, what does achilleus do with his anger rather than giving it up?

A

Redirects it towards avenging P’s death

196
Q

In book 18, who is commenting on the action?

A

Zeus and Hera

197
Q

In book 18, where does Thetis go?

A

To hephaistos to get Acjilleus Armour

198
Q

What is unusual about hephaistos?

A

He has a limp!

199
Q

What does Hephaistos make for achilleus?

A

A shield’

200
Q

What is in the centre of the shield?

A

The moon waxing full, sun, Earth, sea, Sky, constellations

201
Q

What is happening in the nice with on the shield?

A

Marriages, feasting, songs, dancing, music, women looking from houses, men at market quarrelling over the blood money of a dead man, elders sat on stone sets in a circle, two talents of gold.

202
Q

What is happening in the bad city on the shield?

A

2 encamped armies, debate whether to storm the city or sack it, wives and children’s to the walls, ares and Athens wearing golden armour, river, cattle, bronze, scouts, herdsmen playing pipes, battle with a dead man
Men working

203
Q

What is taking place on the reaping part of the shield?

A 
Reaping corn with sickles, binders tied and cut trusses into sheaves with twine
3sheaf binders and boys working
King holding a sceptre
Heralds preparing feast with on
Women pouring barley for the men's meal
204
Q

What is on the vineyard section of the shield?

A 
Dark clusters of vines
Single path with a ditch and a fence
Grap Pickers, girls and young men carrying baskets
Boys playing the lyre
People singing and dancing behind him

Classics: The Iliad (4 decks)

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