Books Flashcards
1
Q
What does book 1 begin in?( writing technique )
A
Medius Res- middle of the action
2
Q
What epithet is used in book 1 to describe Achilleus?
A
Godlike Achilleus
3
Q
Who raised a “vile plague throughout the army”?
A
Apollo- son of Zeus and Leto
4
Q
Why did Apollo raise the plague in book 1?
A
Because Agamemnon dishonoured his priest- Chryses- the priest of Apollo
5
Q
Bk 1) Why did Chryses go to the vast ships of the achaians?
A
To gain release for his daughter Chryseïs
6
Q
Bk 1) what did Chryses bring with him for release of his daughter?
A
Unlimited ransom
The sacred woollen Bands of Apollo wreathed on a golden staff
7
Q
Bk 1) Why does Agamemnon have Chryseïs?
A
They sacked Chryse and she was his prize
8
Q
How long did the plague of arrows last for?
A
9 days
9
Q
What epithet is uses to describe Apollo coming down to earth?
A
His coming was like night
10
Q
What epithet is used to describe Hera?
A
White-armed goddess
11
Q
Bk1) Who puts the idea of calling an assembly into Achilleus’ mind?
A
Hera
12
Q
Bk 1)Which augur does Achilleus go to for help?
A
kalchas
13
Q
Who is the father of kalchas?
A
Thestor
14
Q
What does Kalchas make Achilleus do?
A
Swear an oath that he will help him in word and action
15
Q
Who does Kalchas think he will anger?
A
Agamemnon
16
Q
What does the Iliad ( book 1) begin with?
A
The proem- an invocation to the goddess to sing of achilleus’ anger!
17
Q
Who is Achilleus the son of?
A
Peleus
18
Q
Who is Agamemnon the son of?
A
Atreus
19
Q
Who is hector the son of?
A
Priam and hekabe
20
Q
Who retrains Achilleus from killing Agamemnon?
A
Athena- sent by Hera
21
Q
How does Athens stop Achilleus from killing Agamemnon?
A
Grabs him by his hair- visible to him alone
22
Q
Who mediates the argument between Agamemnon and Achilleus?
A
Nestor
23
Q
What does Kalchas tell Achilleus and agamemnon to do?
A
Respect him
Agamemnon should not take briseïs
Achilleus should not seek open quarrel with the king
24
Q
What does Achilleus do after the argument in book 1?
A
Goes back to his huts
25
What does Aga do after the argument in book 1?
Puts Chryseïs on board a ship with 20 oarsmen, 100 oxen ad Odysseus
26
Before Agamemnon sets of to return Chryseïs in book 1, what does he do and who does he send??
He sends his two heralds, eurybates and talthybios to take briseïs
27
Who brings out briseïs in book 1?
Patroklos
28
What does Achilleus do whilst he is sitting by the ships in book 1?
Prays to his mother- Thetis
29
What does Achilleus ask thetis to do in book 1?
Supplicants to Zeus no ask him to bring aid to the Trojans
30
Why does Achilleus think Thetis will be able to help him in book 1?
Because she rescued Zeus once before, so he owes her
31
Why is Zeus not in Olympus?
He is feasting with the blameless Ethiopians
32
What do the achaians do once they have returned Chryseïs?
Feast and dance and sing for the gods
33
When Thetis supplicants Zeus, what is his response?
He is SILENT
34
When Thetis supplicants Zeus for the second time, how does he reply?
IN VEXATION
35
In book 3- who come on with cries and shouting- like cranes?
The Trojans
36
In book 3, who come on in silence?
The Achaians
37
When Paris is walking with the Trojans, what is he wearing and holding?
A leaped skin and. Curved bow
38
What is Paris trying to do at the beginning of book 3?
Dual with anyone he can
39
Who sees Paris at the beginning of book 1 and wants to get revenge?
Menelaus
40
What does Paris do when he sees menlaos?
He hides and goes back into the mass of the Trojan army
41
Who attacks Paris with insulting words?
Hektor
42
What's foes Hektor call Paris in book 3?
Woman-crazed seducer, good for nothing but looks, pest
43
What does Paris suggest he and Menelaus do?
Have a dual to win Helen
44
Who tells Helen to go and watch the dual in book 3?
Iris disguised as Loadike, her sister-in-law
45
What is Helen doing when she is found by iris in book 3?
Working at the loom weaving a cloth of purple with scene of the conflict on
46
Who does Helen talk to at the skaian gates?
Priam
47
Who does Priam ask about?
Agamemnon and Odysseus and aias
48
What is said about Odysseus in bk 3?
He is good at Speaking
49
What epithet is send to describe Odysseus?
Resourceful Odysseus
50
What dramatic irony is used in bk 3?
Helen can't see her brothers amidst the crowd!
| We already know that they are dead
51
What quote that is an oxymoron is used in book 3, that refers to Helens brothers?
The life giving earth already held them under
52
What is the arming order?
```
Greaves
Corselet
Bronze sword
Shield
Helmet
Spear
```
53
In the dual between Paris and Menelaus, who throws their spear first?
Paris
54
Who rescues Paris during his dual with Menelaus and what do they do?
Aphrodite.
| She breaks the strap Menelaus is dragging him by and wraps him in a thick mist and takes him to his bedroom
55
Where does Aphrodite find Helen in bk 3?
In her tower surrounded by women
56
What does Aphrodite tell Helen to do in bk 3, when she finds her in her tower?
Go to Paris
57
How does Helen recognise Aphrodite?
By her neck, breaths and eyes
58
What happens at the end of book 3 with Helen?
Helen goes to bed with Paris
59
Where is book 4 set?
Olympus and earth
60
What are the gods doing at the beginning of book 4?
Having an assembly in the golden courtyard in Olympus
61
Who is at the assembly in book 4?
All the gods by Zeus' Side+ he be is pouring the nectar
62
What is Zeus saying in his taunt to Hera ?
That her and Athens are not helping Menelaus whereas Aphrodite is ways saving Paris. They need to decide whether to start a new war or set friendship between the two sides.
63
Why do both Athens and Hera support the Greeks?
Because Paris (Trojan) didn't choose them to be the most beautiful when he gave Aphrodite the golden apple
64
Why was Zeus' favourite city Troy?
Because his alter never went without a share of feasting, libation of wine and the smoke of sacrifice .
65
What is the deal Zeus and Hera make in book 4?
That Zeus will let Hera do what she wants with Troy as long as next time Zeus wants to sack a city that is dear the her, she will let him have his way.
She lets Homs have, Sparta, mykene and Argos
66
Who does Zeus tell to go to earth to get the Trojans the break the oath?
Athens
67
What is athene described as in book 4?
A star
68
Who does athene disguise herself as In book 4
Loadakos
69
Who does athene fine in book 4, to get to shoot Menelaus?
Pandarus
70
Why is the scene in bk 4, about pandaros shooting the deer so long and descriptive?
It draws attention to the significance of that scene.
It is the act the restarts the battle
Breaking the oath
71
When they prepare for battle again in book 4,is Agamemnon supportive or not?
He is supportive, he urges on the achaians
72
Who does Agamemnon bump into, who is giving the achaians good advice in book 4?
Nestor
73
What does aga say to Odysseus in book 4, to urge him on to fight?
That he always joins in when they r feasting and such, but he isn't. Isn't contributing to the battle.
74
What does Agamemnon say to diomedes in bk 4, to get him to fight?
Compares him to his father
75
What personification is used in book 4?
Terror, panic and strife- the insatiable sister and workmates of Ares
76
When the war restarts in book 4, who is first to shoot a Trojan?
Antilochus
77
Who kills simoeisios in book 4?
Aias
78
What does book 6 start with?
The continuation of battle
79
Which rivers does the battle in book 6 take place between?
Simoeis and xanthos
80
Who first breaks the top Roman line and kills akamas?
Aias
81
Who kills Axylos, a man rich on substance, in book 6?
Diomedes
82
What does adrestos do to Menelaus when he is about to be killed?
Supplicates Menelaus and offers him unlimited ransom
83
Who tells Menelaus to kill adrestos in book 6?
Agamemnon
84
Who offers good advice to the achaians in book 6 for battle?
Nestor
85
Who tells hector and Aineias to spur on the Trojans in book 6?
Helenos
86
What does Helenos tell hector to do in book 6?
Go to the city and get both their mums to to gather the old women of the city and go to Athenes temple.
Open the door with the key and place a large robe on Athenes knees and sacrifice 12 heifers.
Ask her to take pity on their wives and children and hold diomedes back.
87
Because the Trojans rally was so strong in book 6, what did the Greeks think had happened?
The gods had helped them
88
Who does diomedes meet in book 6?
Glaukos
89
Because glaukos is so brave in book 6, what does diomedes think he might be?
A God
90
Why do glaukos and diomedes become friends?
Because it turns out their families were friends?
91
What do glaukos and diomedes trade? And who gets the better bargain?
Armour.
| Diomedes, because Zeus takes away glaukos' wits and he trades his gold for diomedes bronze.
92
When hector reaches the skaian gate, who is he met by?
Women and daughters
93
When hector arrives at priams house in book 6, who is he met by?
Hekabe, loadike
94
When Hektor arrives at priams house In book 6, what does hekabe offer him?
Wine
95
What does Hektor do when he reaches priams house, by 6?
Tells her to get her the women and carry out helenos' orders
96
What is the robe that hekabe gets for Athens described as?
Gleaming like a star
97
Who is The priestess of Athene who open the door of her temple in book 6?
Theano
98
What is Athenes response to the women's prayers in bk 6?
She shook her head in refusal
99
When Hektor finds Paris in his bedroom, what is he holding?
A spear 11 cubits in length
100
What is Paris doing in his bedroom when Hektor finds him in bk 6?
Fussing over his amour!
101
What armour is Paris fussing over in book 6 that portrays him as weak and cowardly?
Courselet
Shield
Curved bow
102
What epithet is used to describe Hektor?
Hektor of the glinting helmet
103
What does Hektor say to Paris In bk 6, when he is in his bedroom?
That he must go back to battle
104
When hector leaves priams house I'm bk6, where does he go?
To his own house
105
What is andromache's epithet?
White armed Andromache
106
When Hektor arrives at his house in bk 6, where is Andromache?
A the great tower of ilios
107
When he meets Andromache, she else I'd with her?
Their son
108
What is hectors son called?
Anstynax
109
What is Anstynax epithet?
Anstynax, Lord of the city
110
What is unusual about the advice Andromache gives hektor?
It is military advice, which is out of her realm
111
What does Andromache try and convince Hektor to do?
Stay with them
112
What does Hektor say will happen?
Troy will fall and Andromache will live in misery as a slave?
113
What Hektor goes to hold Anstynax, what does he do?
He cries because he is scared of his helmet
114
What does Hektor do when Anstynax cries at his helmet?
Takes it off and kisses him
115
In book 6, Hektor prays to Zeus for Anstynax, what does he ask?
That he will become as great a hero as he is
116
What does Hektor tell Andromache to do in book 6?
Go back home and work
117
What does Andromache do when she gets back home in book 6?
Mourns Hektor.
118
In book 6, what epic simile is use to describe Paris racing down to meet Hektor for battle?
A horse etc etc etc...
119
What is happening at the beginning of bk 9?
The Achaians are being thrashed by the Trojans
120
What simile is used to describe the leading men of the Achaians being struck down with unbearable sorrow?
As when two winds come suddenly and whip the fish-filled sea.
121
At the beginning of book 9, what does Agamemnon call?
An assembly
122
In book 9, what does Agamemnon want to do because he is being cowardly?
Go home
123
Who suggests to Agamemnon in bk 9, that he is being cowardly and could go home but he and sthenelos will stay?
Diomedes
124
In bk 9, who brings diomedes' speech to a conclusion?
Nestor
125
What does diomedes say in his speech to the Achaians in book 9?
That they should stop fighting for the night and have a feast, the guards should stand along the wall of the ditch and Agamemnon should pare a fest for the elders.
126
What does Nestor want to win achilleus over with in book 9?
Soothing gifts and kind persuasion
127
Who is chosen to go to get achilleus in bk 9?
Aias , Odysseus, Phoenix
128
When the embassy arrives at achilleus, what does achilleus offer them?
Xenia
129
Who is first to tell achilleus of the Achaians misfortune in bk 9?
Odysseus
130
Who have the Achaians noticed is favouring the Trojans in bk 9?
Zeus
131
What does Hektor plan to do in bk9?
Burn the Achaians ships
132
What person, special to achilleus, in bk 9, does Odysseus use totes to persuade him to come back to battle?
His father!
133
What does achilleus say in his response to Odysseus plead for him to return to battle in bk 9?
He doesn't think anyone will be able to win him over
There's no point, he won't get a fair prize
Coward and hero are honoured alike
He doesn't trust aga. He will just take back what he is offering
This is said he has two fates
Advises others to go back
Tells Phoenix to stay with him
134
What does Phoenix say in the embassy to achilleus, bk 9?
That he was a father to achilleus and he should prefect him from shameful destruction.
He taught him to be a speaker of words and a doer of deeds
Doesn't want to be without him
He should not have a heart that does not forgive
He is being offered so much,he should forgive
Tells a story
135
What does achilleus say to Phoenix in his response to the embassy?
Knows he is being he,d in honour by Zeus so there is not much point in going back
He will share his kingdom with him
136
What does Aias say in the embassy?
They must go back and tell a game,non and the others what achilleus has decided not to go back.
He is a cruel man who does not care for his companions
Has no pity
137
What is happening in book 11, that's!es achilleus interested in the battle?
The Achaians are being thrashed, and achilleus notices someone being brought out wounded
138
Who does achilleus send to nesters hut in book11?
Patroklos
139
In book 11, what is Patroklos described as?
Godlike
| Looking like Ares
140
What does achilleus expect the. Achaians will do now, in bk 11?
Come crawling back to him
141
In bk 11, when Patroklos goes to nestors but, why does Nestor offer that Patroklos declines?
Xenia
142
Who des Nestor say has been injured in battle in bk 11?
Agamemnon
Diomedes
Eurypylos
Odysseus
143
In bk 11, where does Agamemnon get hit by an arrow?
Mid-arm below the elbow
144
What happens to Agamemnon in bk 11, that means he can't fight any longer?
He gets shot and the pain is compared to childbirth
145
In bk 11, why does hector gocrazy with fighting spirit?
He realises Agamemnon is gone and the Trojans are being supported by Zeus
146
In bk 11, who badly shoots an arrow at diomedes and misses?
Paris
147
Where does Paris arrow land in diomedes in bk 11?
It only scrapes his foot
148
What does Nestor say the advice given to patroklos by his father was, in bk 11?
To guide achilleus and five him advice as he is not as good a warrior as him but he is older.
149
At the beginning of book 16, where is the fighting taking place?
All around the ships
150
What simile does achilleus compare Patroklos to when he is crying? Bk 16
A little girl etc...
151
In bk 16, when Patroklos is crying, does achilleus feel pity for him?
Yes! He wants to know what is the matter
152
In bk 16, what does Patroklos say about achilleus to achilleus?
He is "impossible to deal with"
His pride is ruinous
He is a cruel man
153
What suggestion does Patroklos make to achilleus in book 16?
What Nestor suggested, that he goes to war in achilleus armour
154
What foreshadowing of Patroklos death is there in bk 16?
Direct address- poor fool- what he was begging would be a wretched death for himself and his own destruction
155
What does achilleus say about his own anger in bk 16?
That he should give it up
156
What does A instruct P to do in book 16, when he is going into battle?
Simply drive the Trojans awY from their ships and then turn back.
157
In book 16, who else gets attacked by the Trojans?
Aias
158
Who are the immortal horses introduced in book 16, who belong to Achilleus?
Xanthos and balios
159
What prayer does achilleus make to Zeus in book 16. About patroklos?
That he gets glory in battle and a safe return. Unharmed
160
When achilleus prays to Zeus in book 16, what does Zeus do?
Grants him only half his prayer
161
When the myrmidons go into battle, what simile is used to describe them,
Swarmed at once like wasps
162
Who is the Trojan leader patroklos kills?
Pyraichmes
163
What euphemisms are used to describe death?
```
Collapsed his strength
Darkness covered over his eyes
Strong fate took him
Mist spread down over his eyes
Black Death covered him over
```
164
What change in seem in patroklos in book 16?
He becomes a great warrior, different personality, brutal
165
Which son of Zeus is killed by patroklos?
Sarpedon
166
What choice does Zeus have to make about sarpedon?
Whether to save him or let him die, as is fate
167
What does Hera say about Zeus deciding whether to save sarpedon?
Says the gods will disapprove if he saves him
168
What is sarpedon a death compared to?
Falling like an oak tree/pine/ poplar when it is cut down
169
What does patroklos pray to apollo for in book 16?
Asks him to heal his wound
170
What does Zeus tell Apollo o do to sarpedon a body?
Clean and protect it
171
What does Apollo anoint sarpedon a body with?
Ambrosia
| Immortal clothing
172
What mistake does patroklos make in battle that is fatal?
Does not turn back once he has driven the Trojans Way from the fighting
173
What did patroklos do three times?
Try to climb the walls of try
174
Who stops Patroklos, from climbing the wLls of Troy in 16
Apollo
175
What form does Apollo are when he asks hector why he has stopped fighting?
His uncle, Asios
176
What does Apollo do to help the trojans in bk 16?
Goes into battle and. Brings confusion to the Greeks and glory to the Trojans
177
Who is hektors charioteer that P kills?
Kebriones
178
How does patroklos die in book 16?
Apollo, hidden in a thick Mist, hits him on the back and knocks him down and the helmet off his head
Dardanian man, euphorbus spears him
Hektor spears him n the belly
179
When P is dying , what does he say to Hektor?
That he was only third in killing in no he prophesies his death
180
What is happening at the v beginning of book 18?
Battle
181
Who goes to Achilleus in book 18, to tell him P was killed?
Antiochus
182
Where does Antilochus find Achilleus in book 18?
In front of the horned ships
183
What does Achilleus do in mourning for Ps death?
Cries and pours sooty dust over his head.
| Tears at his hair with his hands
184
In book 18, why is Thetis and the other goddesses grieving for Achilleus,
Because they know he will soon die
185
Achilleus wants to go back to battle in book 18, but why can't he?
He doesn't have any armour
186
Who does Thetis say she will get armour from in bk 18?
Hephaistos
187
Who does Hera send to tel Achilleus to arm himself and go to battle in book 18?
Iris
188
What does iris tell Achilleus to do in the meantime as he has no armour?
Go to a ditch as he is and it will care the Trojans
189
What dos Athens do to Achilleus to make him scary in book 18?
Wraps him in the tasseled aegis and puts a golden cloud around his head and makes a gleaming flame burn from it
190
How many times do Achilleua shout from the ditch in bk 18?
3 times
191
Whose good advice does Hektor refuse in book 18?
Poulydamas
192
In bk 18, what bad advice does hector give the Trojans that they all follow?
Stay and have dinner then start the war in the morning by the ships
193
In book 18, what does achilleus decide to do to avenge the death of P?
Kill hector and twelve Trojan children
194
What do the avian as do to patroklos' body in book 18?
Was the blood from it and leave it in the ships protected by Trojan and dardanian women
195
In bk 18, what does achilleus do with his anger rather than giving it up?
Redirects it towards avenging P's death
196
In book 18, who is commenting on the action?
Zeus and Hera
197
In book 18, where does Thetis go?
To hephaistos to get Acjilleus Armour
198
What is unusual about hephaistos?
He has a limp!
199
What does Hephaistos make for achilleus?
A shield'
200
What is in the centre of the shield?
The moon waxing full, sun, Earth, sea, Sky, constellations
201
What is happening in the nice with on the shield?
Marriages, feasting, songs, dancing, music, women looking from houses, men at market quarrelling over the blood money of a dead man, elders sat on stone sets in a circle, two talents of gold.
202
What is happening in the bad city on the shield?
2 encamped armies, debate whether to storm the city or sack it, wives and children's to the walls, ares and Athens wearing golden armour, river, cattle, bronze, scouts, herdsmen playing pipes, battle with a dead man
Men working
203
What is taking place on the reaping part of the shield?
```
Reaping corn with sickles, binders tied and cut trusses into sheaves with twine
3sheaf binders and boys working
King holding a sceptre
Heralds preparing feast with on
Women pouring barley for the men's meal
```
204
What is on the vineyard section of the shield?
```
Dark clusters of vines
Single path with a ditch and a fence
Grap Pickers, girls and young men carrying baskets
Boys playing the lyre
People singing and dancing behind him
```
