Booklet4 Flashcards
What is family dysfunction?
Abnormal processes within a family such as poor family communication, cold parenting and high levels of expressed emotion. These may be risk factors for both development and maintenance of SZ
How can development affect the development of SZ
Double bind theory
Expressed emotion
What is expressed emotion?
A family communication style in which members of the family of a psychiatric patient talk about that patient in a critical or hostile manner or in a way that indicates emotional over-involvement or over concern with the patient or their behaviour.
What is double-bind theory?
Where SZ is caused by mixed messages from parents that express care but at the same time appear critical. Can also be a contradiction between verbal and non-verbal behaviour.
What are the A03 evaluation points for family dysfunction?
Family relationships
Double bind theory
Individual differences in vulnerability to EE
What is the Family relationships AO3 Point?
> Adoption study by Tienari(1994), those who had adopted children who had schizophrenic biological parents were more likely to become ill themselves than those whose parents were non-schizophrenic.
However, this difference only occurred in situations where the adopted family was rated as disturbed.
What is the double bind theory AO3 point?
> Evidence to support how family relationships may lead to SZ.
Berger(1965) found that schizophrenics reported a higher recall of double bind statements by their mothers than non-schizophrenics
However, this may not be effective evidence as patients recall may be affected by their SZ.
What is the individual differences in vulnerability to EE AO3 point?
> Not all patients who live in high EE families relapse, not all patients who live in low EE homes avoid relapse. Research has found individual differences in stress response to high EE behaviours.
Altorfer et al (1998), found that one quarter of the patients they studied showed no physiological responses to stressful comments from their relatives.
This shows not all patients are equally vulnerable to high levels of EE within the family environment.
What is dysfunctional thought processing?
Where they process information directly to those without the disorder
What is a delusion?
Formed due to adequate interpretations of the world and also the tendency to arrive at false conclusions.
What is a hallucination?
Often formed due to excessive focus on auditory stimuli- this then translates into a higher expectation of ‘a voice’.
What is some characteristics of delusions?
> The degree to which the individual perceives themselves as the central component in events and so jumps to conclusions about external events.
Manifested in patients tendency to relate irrelevant events to themselves.
Considered to have ‘impaired insight’.
An inability to recognise cognitive distortions.
What are characteristics of hallucinations?
> Aleman(2001) suggests that hallucinations- prone individuals find it difficult to distinguish between imagery and sensory based perception.
Inner representation of an idea can overtake the actual sensory stimulus and produce auditory image.
What is meta representation?
The cognitive ability to reflect thoughts and behaviour. This allows us insight into our own intentions and goals. To interpret the cations of others.
What is central control?
The cognitive ability to suppress automatic responses while we perform deliberate actions instead.
