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Adele Antimicrobial Therapy > Booklet Questions > Flashcards

Booklet Questions Flashcards

1
Q

True or False: Penicillin G (benzylpenicillin) interferes with the peptidoglycan cell wall.

A

True

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2
Q

True or False: An organism which is sensitive to an antibiotic will always be killed by it.

A

False - An organism is considered sensitive if it is killed or inhibited by levels of the antimicrobial available at the site of infection.

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3
Q

True or False: An infection should ideally be treated with an antibiotic with a high MIC for the causative organism.

A

False - There are nationally agreed “cut offs” for MIC values below which an organism is considered ‘sensitive’ and above which it is considered ‘resistant’. In general, the higher the concentration of drug you give your patient, the higher likelihood there is of achieving toxicity.

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4
Q

True or False: Amphotericin B acts against a wide range of bacteria.

A

False - Amphotericin B is an anti-fungal drug.

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5
Q

True or False: Vancomycin and penicillin act on different stages of cell wall synthesis.

A

True

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6
Q

True or False: Aminoglycosides act on DNA synthesis.

A

False - Aminoglycosides act on protein synthesis.

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7
Q

True or False: Trimethoprim interferes with protein synthesis at the ribosomal level.

A

False - Trimethoprim interferes with purine synthesis.

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8
Q

True or False: The differing ribosomes of mammalian and bacterial cells allow selective toxicity.

A

True

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9
Q

True or False: Resistance of a known bacterial species to a known antibiotic can always be predicted on theoretical grounds.

A

False - You can not predict that a bacterial species will be resistant or sensitive to an antibiotic purely on theoretical grounds, sensitivity testing must be performed.

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10
Q

True or False: All antibiotic resistance is caused by genes carried on plasmids.

A

False - They can also be carried on transposons (packets of DNA which insert themselves into the chromosome).

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11
Q

True or False: All penicillins are inactivated by β-lactamase.

A

False - Flucloxacillin is resistant to the actions of β-lactamase.

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12
Q

True or False: All Staph aureus strains are sensitive to flucloxacillin.

A

False

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13
Q

True or False: Amoxicillin is a good choice for ‘blind’ treatment of severe infection with Gram negative coliforms.

A

False - 20-30% of coliform organisms are resistant to amoxicillin.

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14
Q

True or False: Piperacillin has an extended spectrum and is active against Pseudomonas species.

A

True

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15
Q

True or False: Penicillin allergic patients may also be allergic to cephalosporins.

A

True

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16
Q

True or False: Vancomycin is only active against anaerobes.

A

False - Vancomycin is active against both aerobic and anaerobic organisms.

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17
Q

True or False: Vancomycin is only active against Gram positive organisms.

A

True

18
Q

True or False: Third generation cephalosporins (e.g. ceftazidime) have better anti-Staphylococcal activity than the earlier cephalosporins.

A

False - Anti-Staphylococcal activity decreases proportionately from first through to third generation drugs.

19
Q

True or False: All antibiotic resistance is caused by β-lactamases.

A

False - There may also be genetically altered target sites (PBPs).

20
Q

True or False: Metronidazole is widely used to treat anaerobic infection.

A

True

21
Q

True or False: Gentamicin is associated with nephrotoxicity.

A

True

22
Q

True or False: Gentamicin is associated with ototoxicity.

A

True

23
Q

True or False: Pseudomembranous colitis usually results from Vancomycin treatment.

A

False - Pseudomembranous colitis is caused by clindamycin.

24
Q

True or False: Thrush is due to overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria during broad spectrum antibiotic therapy.

A

False - Thrush is due to overgrowth of yeasts.

25
Q

True or False: Serum levels of gentamicin and vancomycin can be monitored in the laboratory to minimise the risk of toxicity.

A

True

26
Q

True or False: Prophylaxis should be given before every operation.

A

False - Antibiotics should not be prescribed unless absolutely necessary.

27
Q

True or False: The use of two antibiotics is always more effective than monotherapy.

A

False - The simplest approach, i.e. monotherapy, is generally best.

28
Q

True or False: MIC and MBC determination is the most accurate way of determining an organism’s antibiotic susceptibility.

A

True

29
Q

True or False: All infections can be adequately treated by seven days of the appropriate antibiotic therapy.

A

False - Some need less time, some need more.

30
Q

True or False: Antibiotic therapy should never be started before the results of laboratory sensitivity results are available.

A

False - Medical microbiologists often give advice on urgent treatment of infection before an organism is isolated, identified and its antibiotic sensitivity tested.

31
Q

True or False: Amphotericin B is the treatment of choice for all fungal infections.

A

False - Amphotericin B should only be used when clinically indicated.

32
Q

True or False: Amphotericin B treatment should not be started until laboratory sensitivity results are available.

A

False - Amphotericin B is used for serious systemic fungal infection.

33
Q

True or False: Intravenous nystatin is indicated for the treatment of serious fungal infection.

A

False - Nystatin is used topically or in oral suspension and is not an intravenous agent for serious fungal infection.

34
Q

True or False: Topical antifungal preparations can be used to treat fungal skin infections.

A

True

35
Q

True or False: Fluconazole is active against yeasts but not against filamentous fungi such as Aspergillus.

A

True

36
Q

True or False: Aciclovir is used to treat infection with all herpes viruses.

A

False

37
Q

True or False: All antiviral drugs act by inhibiting viral nucleic acid synthesis.

A

False

38
Q

True or False: Zidovudine (ZDV) alone is the best treatment for AIDS.

A

False

39
Q

True or False: Oseltamivir is widely used to treat hepatitis B infection.

A

False

40
Q

True or False: Aciclovir treatment abolishes carriage of herpes simplex virus.

A

False

Adele Antimicrobial Therapy (2 decks)

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