booklet A Flashcards
what is growth
variable across different body parts in some measured in quantity such as height and weight
what is development
a complex change that follow a orderly sequence including an increase of skills abilities and capabilities
infancy
0-2
early child hood
3-8
adolescence
9-18
early adulthood
19-45
middle adulthood
45-65
later adulthood
65+
gross motor skills
large movements that involve large muscles for example rolling over
fine motor skills
small movements that require precise direction and involves smaller muscles for example picking up a pencil
palmar grasp
infant strokes their palm - until 5 to 6 months of age
pincer grasp
9-12 months - using index and thumb or middle use to pick up small objects picking up raisins ,cereals
gross motor skill for 3 year old
run
fine motor skill for 3 year old
turn page of book
gross for 4 years old
kick , throw large ball
fine for 4 years old
tripod grip , hand eye coordination develops
gross for 5 years old
walk in a straight line
fine for 5 years old
write their own name ,
draw , cut out simple shapes
gross for 6 year old
skips , ride bike
gross 7 year old
run forwards and backwards
gross 8 years old
good strength , swimming , football
fine 8 years old
used joined up hand writing
puberty
period of rapid growth young people reach sexual maturity become biologically able to reproduce and sexual characteristic develop
hormones
chemical substances produced in body and transported into the blood stream that control or regulate body cells
primary sexual characteristic
changes or development of reproductive organs
secondary sexual characteristic
outward/external signs of development
Female PSC
menstrual cycle commences
ovaries begin to release eggs
uterus enlarges and vagina lengthens
Male PSC
enlargement of penis and testes
spotaneous erections caused by blood flowing into chambers of penis may happen
testicles produce spermatozoa (sperm) beginning of ejaculation
Female SSC
breast develop areola swells and darkens
hair grows in armpits and pubic hair
redistribution of body fat causing hips to widen
Male SSC
changes in larynx causes voice to deepen
hair grows in armpit and pubic area , facial hair
redistribution of muscle tissue and fat
perimenopause symptoms
hot flushes night sweats
loss of libido causes vaginal dryness
estrogen’s levels decrease - stop producing eggs
later adulthood
skin looses elasticity -leads to wrinkles
immune system weakens -increased likelihood of infections
hearing or vision decline - leading to difficulty with reading or with communication
Piaget stages of cognitive development
sensorimotor 0-2 - object permanence
preoperational 2-7 - egocentric
concrete operational 7-11- develop ability to conserve
formal operational 11-18- developed abstract thinking
what activity can be used to encourage the sensorimotor 0-2 stage
playing peekaboo
what activity can be used to encourage the pre operational 2-7 stage
play with toys that change shape so they understand how to conserve
play dress up or house so they can use their own imagination to make sense of the world
what activity can be used to encourage the concrete operation 7-11 stage
give concrete apparatus like counters to solve problems
simple experiments to give them a change to manipulate objects and test ideas
group work
what activity can be used to encourage the pre operational 2-7stage
play with toys that change shape so they understand how to conserve
play dress up or house so they can use their own imagination to make sense of the world
what activity can be used to encourage the formal operation 11-18 stage
teach broad concepts rather than facts such as poetry
ask them to write short stories about hypothetical topics such as living in outer space
evaluation of Piaget - strength’s
influenced early education - discovery play
considers nature and nurture
increased our knowledge of children’s cognitive development and influenced teaching methods
evaluation of Piaget weakness
stages of intellectual development may be fluid - underestimated or overestimated abilities of children
Burners - Paget’s fixed stages believes with adult support children can be helped to progress to higher level thinking skills .Bruner also believes ability to use logical thinking may depend on the amount of encouragement they have received to think logically
some researchers suggest that it takes longer than 11 years to become skilled in abstract logical thinking - it could depend on the environment and quality of formal and informal education.
