Booklet 4 20th Century Part I

Question 1

Who did St Mary’s Hospital send to study infections in wounded soldiers during WWI?

Answer 1

Alexander Fleming

Question 2

What germ caused septicaemia infections?

Answer 2

Staphylococci

Question 3

How did Fleming discover penicillin in 1928?

Answer 3

By chance. Mould formed in one of his petri dishes whicle he was on holiday. It had killed the germ inside.

Question 4

What test did Fleming fail to do which would have proved uesful?

Answer 4

He failed to inject penicillin into the blood stream.

Question 5

Who developed the work of Fleming?

Answer 5

Florey and Chain who started to experiment on mice and humans in 1941.

Question 6

Who did Florey and Chain first experiment on?

Answer 6

A policeman who had an infection from a rose. After initial improvement he died as there wasn’t enough antobiotic available.

Question 7

How did war affect penicillin?

Answer 7

War spread up production due to large injury rates.

Question 8

Describe penicillin use during World War Two

Answer 8

In 1943 1,000 soldiers were helped but by 1945 250,000

Question 9

What percentage of soldiers would have died without penicillin during WWII?

Answer 9

15 percent

Question 10

How did the government help with penicillin production after WWII?

Answer 10

There was a huge sponsored programme to produce the wonder drug and it was used to treat diseases such as bronchitis wounds, abscesses and tonsillitis.

Question 11

Name three other antibiotics produced after penicillin.

Answer 11

Streptomycin for treating TB, Tetracyline for skin infections and Mitomycin used against cancer.

Question 12

Which drug for sleeping resulted in the birth of babies with porly formed limbs?

Answer 12

Thalidomide

Question 13

Name two antibiotic resistant superbugs.

Answer 13

MRSA and Norovirus

Question 14

When was the first open heart surgery performed?

Answer 14

1950

Question 15

When was the first kidney transplant in the UK?

Answer 15

1960

Question 16

When was the first heart transplant in the UK?

Answer 16

1967

Question 17

When was the first hip replacement performed in Britain?

Answer 17

1972

Question 18

When were MRI scans first used?

Answer 18

1987

Question 19

When was the first full face transplant?

Answer 19

2008

Question 20

List 4 examples of alternative medicine.

Answer 20

Hydrotherapy, aromatheraphy, hypnotherapy, acupuncture

Question 21

During World War One, what did CCS stand for?

Answer 21

Casualty Clearing Stations

Question 22

List 4 technological improvements in medicine during World War One.

Answer 22

Mobile xray units, blood transfusions, skin grafts, the Thomas splint

Question 23

How many men suffered from shell shock during World War One?

Answer 23

80,000

Question 24

Who developed the talking cure for shellshock?

Answer 24

William Rivers

Question 25

Who developed new techniques in skin grafts?

Answer 25

Harold Gillies

Question 26

In what year were different blood groups discovered?

Answer 26

1901

Question 27

When anticoagulant was added to blood and how long would it last?

Answer 27

28 days

Question 28

During World War Two, how many blood doners were used?

Answer 28

700,000

Question 29

What was known as the Spanish Lady?

Answer 29

The influenza pandemic 1918 to 1919

Question 30

How many people died in the flu pandemic 1918 to 1919

Answer 30

20-40 million (mostly 20-40 year olds)

Question 31

How many people died from the 1918 flu pandemic in the UK?

Answer 31

280,000