Booklet 2 Conflict Mormons and Civil War 1857-65 Flashcards
Name one long term cause of the Mountain Meadow Massacre in 1857.
Morman traders charged travellers high prices, Mormons were converting Indians, polygamy or Utah territory expanding.
Name one medium term cause of the Mountain Meadow Massacre in 1857.
The US government sent in a non-Mormon governor to rule Utah territory, this upset Brigham Young who set up the Nauvoo Legion to protect the Mormons. Tensions were high.
What triggered the Mountain Meadow Massacre in 1857?
An eager Nauvoo Legion officer found out a wagon train of 150 settlers travelling to California was attacked. He was nervous this would be blamed on the Mormons, so massacred all 150 except 17 children that he brought back to Salt Lake City to be adopted. Then blamed this on the local Indians.
Name two results of the Mountain Meadow Massacre.
1858 - Mormons were pardoned and US Army stationed in Utah. Bad publicity for the Mormons. Mormons struggled to convince USA to let Utah join as a state. Did not join until 1896 and had to ban polygamy.
How did the Abolitionists cause the American Civil War 1861-65?
Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin in 1851 which spread anti-slavery feeling in the north, Harriet Tubman helped develop the Underground Railroad which helped thousands of slaves escape to the north and Canada, further spreading anti-slavery feeling amongst northerners.
How did Slavery cause the American Civil War 1861-65?
Although there were many differences between the north and the south, slavery was the underlying cause. The north had no need for slavery, whereas slaves were fundamental to the southern economy. Northerners were becoming anti-slavery. Mainly, they did not want slavery to spread to the new Western states. The south resented the north’s lack of support or understanding. This all comes down to the slavery issue.
How did Westward Expansion cause the American Civil War 1861-65?
As western territories got 60,000 settlers, they applied to join the Union. There was debate whether they should join as free or slave states because it would tip the balance between the north and south in government.
How did Sectionalism cause the American Civil War 1861-65?
Sectionalism simply means that the north and south were very different. The north had more cities, more factories, more railroad, more immigration from Europe and more mechanisation in farming whereas the south was very rural, had extremes of rich and poor, little immigration and relied entirely on labour demanding cotton and tobacco crops worked by slaves for 300 years.
How did the 1860 Election cause the American Civil War 1861-65?
Nobody expected the Republican Abraham Lincoln to win, but the Democrats split in half (those who wanted to stay in the union and those that wanted to leave). As a result, Lincoln won. He did not want to ban slavery, only stop it spreading, however many Republicans were anti-slavery and the south was worried about a Republican government. South Carolina was the first to leave the union as a result.
How did Secession cause the American Civil War 1861-65?
South Carolina and then Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Louisiana, Georgia and Texas voted to leave the Union and become the Confederacy. Lincoln would not let them leave and sent troops to Fort Sumter. Other southern states, such as Virginia, were not happy Lincoln sent troops so joined the Confederacy as well. The southern army attacked northern troops, starting the war.
What was the 1820 Missouri Compromise?
A line was drawn through the centre of the western territories. New states above the line would join as free states and new states below would join as slave. This compromise worked for 30 years.
The 1850 Compromise allowed California to join as a free state, but in exchange for what?
The Fugitive Slave Act meant that Northern states must return any escaped slaves to the south.
What was the 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act and how did it contribute to the war?
The US government decided to let new states such as Kansas and Nebraska vote on whether they wanted to be slave or free. This caused tension between the north and the south as each side sent in supporters to ‘convince’ people to vote one way or the other. There was even fighting!
Name 3 social effects of the war on the USA.
Loss of thousands of northern factory workers and southern farmers, women work in factories and run plantations, Emancipation of slaves through the 13th Amendment in 1863, food shortages, inflation and high casualty rates (deaths and injuries).
Give3 reasons why the southern economy was more badly affected than the north.
The south was agricultural, when men went off to fight plantations failed and profits were lost. The north had a navy and blocked trade to the south, this caused inflation and food shortages. The north had the benefit of factories and the US government treasury whereas the south struggled for funding, especially as they were unable to trade their cotton and tobacco due to the disruptions of war and the north had railroads, whereas what the south had were destroyed by northern troops.
