Booklet 2

Question 1

What is the name of the early Marxist group, focused on mobilising workers and bringing about change in Russia?

Answer 1

The Emancipation of Labour

Question 2

When was the emancipation of labour formed?

Answer 2

1883

Question 3

What political group believed in individual freedoms and civil liberties. Usually focused on moderate, gradual change.

Answer 3

Liberals

Question 4

What political group believed that ‘the people’ should bring about a revolution?

Answer 4

Populists

Question 5

What political group believed in equality in society and an end to class divisions. Wanted to abolish capitalism.

Answer 5

Socialists

Question 6

What group were followers of the communist ideas of Karl Marx?

Answer 6

Marxists

Question 7

What group believed in total equality between everyone in society and to abolish the government?

Answer 7

Anarchists

Question 8

What are the two types of Liberal Intelligentsia

Answer 8

Slavophiles and westernisers

Question 9

What three political beliefs did members of the Liberal Intelligentsia follow?

Answer 9

Liberalism
Socialism
Anarchism

Question 10

What did slavophiles believe?
One example of a slavophile

Answer 10

Russias unique culture and heritage, linked to the peasantry and Orthodox Church, should be preserved as Russia modernises
eg. Leo Tolstoy (author of War and Peace)

Question 11

What did Westernisers believe?
What had these individuals often benefited from

Answer 11

Westernisers believed Russia should look to the ‘west’ (Britain, France, USA) as it modernised.
Often had benefitted from education abroad where they learned about new political idealogies like socialism

Question 12

What did members of the Liberal Intelligentsia take an active role in?

Answer 12

Town dumas and zemstvos

Question 13

What did the Liberal intelligentsia hope about the Local Governments could do?

Answer 13

change the way Russia was ruled and improve the lives of ordinary people

Question 14

What did Alexander 2nd quickly make clear about zemstvos and dumas?

Answer 14

He didn’t want them to have a say over national government policy

Question 15

During which years was Russia hit by a famine?

Answer 15

1891 and 1892

Question 16

What did the zemstvos do to help the peasants

Answer 16

• Organised famine relief to help starving peasants

Question 17

What did the famine do to the zemstvos?

Answer 17

They witnessed the ineffectiveness of the Tsarist political system. Gave them the confidence to demand that the system needed to be changed

Question 18

What did the famine do to the Liberal Intelligentsia?

Answer 18

Galvanised them into an activist opposition to the government

Question 19

What was the name of the University student who was one of several terrorists who conspired to assassinate Alexander 3rd. His brother would go on to become Lenin.

Answer 19

Alexander Ulianov

Question 20

What did Mikhail Romas try to do?

Answer 20

Sought to transform society by providing a new way of living. He set up a small cooperative selling fruit and vegetables.

Question 21

What happened to Mikhail Romas’ experiment?

Answer 21

Ended in disaster when richer peasants murdered his assistant and blow up his shop.

Question 22

Why were the populists fascinated with the peasant commune (mir)?

Answer 22

Because of its collective and relatively egalitarian structure, populists believed it would be a possible basis for introducing socialism into Russia.