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History ( Conflict And Tention In Asia) > Booklet 2 > Flashcards

Booklet 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Eisenhower 19 53–61

A

Increased financial support to the French and paid 80% of their costs, overall the separation of Vietnam into north and south

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2
Q

Eisenhower 1953 to 61

A

Increased financial support to the French and paid 80% of their cost, overall the separation of Vietnam into the north and south, financially supported NGO Dinh Diem as Prime Minister of the South Vietnam

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3
Q

Johnson 1963 to 69

A

Given a stock choice on becoming president increased involvement in Vietnam or face a communist victory, Johnson did not want to be the first US president to loss a war so he increased involvement massively, gulf of Tonkin incident to send in ground and air forces

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4
Q

Truman 1945 to 53

A

Dealt with the Berlin blockade and instigated the Marshall plan, dealt with communist north Korea during Korean War to prevent an invasion of South Korea, helped finance the French after World War II to reclaim Vietnam

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5
Q

Kennedy 1961 to 63

A

Increased military advisors to 11,500, allowed US pilots to fly combat missions was pretending to be instructors, removed NGO Dinh Diem and replaced him with Vietnamese generals, US money materials and support all increased

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6
Q

Nixon 1969 to 74

A

War was increasingly unpopular and Exton promised to end involvement, ended the draft of young Americans into army, with the drew forces under the policy of vietnamistaion

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7
Q

1884

A

France obtained control over northern Vietnam following its victory over China in the Sino French war

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8
Q

1887

A

French Indo China was formed from Anna Tonkin, Conchinchinac and the kingdom of Cambodia

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9
Q

1893

A

Laos was added after the France Siamese war

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10
Q

1920s

A

Hoi Min moved to the USSR where he studied communism and techniques of gorilla warfare

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11
Q

1940

A

The Japanese invaded Indo China and remove the French. They ruled the area brutally soon the anti-Japanese resistance movement led by Ho Chi Minh emerged it was called the Viet minh

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12
Q

1945

A

The Japanese word defeated and Ho Chi Minh viet minh took control of North Vietnam and declared Vietnam independence under the name of Democratic Republic of Vietnam.the French had other ideas and wanted to take back control of their colony now that the Japanese had been defeated war between the French and Vietnam began in 1946

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13
Q

1945 to 49

A

The USA didn’t like European countries having colonies so secretly supplied the Viet minh with resources to fight the French they didn’t realise that it was communist

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14
Q

1949

A

China becomes communist and Ho Chi Minh gain support from the Chinese the USA now decide to support the French with 500 million per year

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15
Q

Gorilla warfare

A

Military tactics were small groups of soldiers attacked bigger, more powerful armies

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16
Q

Colonies

A

Countries owned by a more powerful country

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17
Q

USA role

A

30th of June 19 50 USA gave France eight transport planes and later than year a ship crammed with military goods arrived in Saigon. This was part of the US aid of 10,000 tons of equipment per month and 500 million per year for the French the USA covered 75 to 80% of the cost of the French war with the Viet Minh

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18
Q

China’s role

A

After the communist victory in China in 1949 Ho Chi Minh started to become more communist and received help from China. Ho Chi Minh wanted independence for Vietnam. The Americans were concerned at this spread of communism.

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19
Q

Areas of control

A

The French generally controlled the towns while the Vietnam dominated the countryside. There allowed the Vietnam to use gorilla tactics which the French found impossible to beat.

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20
Q

Gorilla tactics

A

190,000 French soldiers were tied up by the Vietnam hit and run raids. The race caused over 90,000 French casualties during the war 73,000 French trips died.

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21
Q

Battle of Diem bien phu

A

In 1954 a large well armed force of French paratroopers was comprehensively defeated by the Vietnam over 3000 died and 8000 died later in captivity. The French war effort was devastated Vietnam commander Nguen speaking in 1954: “ a pool fetal nation had beaten a great colonial power. It meant a lot not just to us to the people all over the world.”

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22
Q

List three reasons for the Vietminh’s history

A

Gorilla strategies, dressed as normal citizens, tactics

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23
Q

(Geneva agreement 1954 Switzerland) when was it?

A

May to July 1954

24
Q

What was the aim of the Geneva agreement?

A

To decide the future of Vietnam and to reach a settlement for the whole of what had been in IndoChina

25
Q

Who was present in the Geneva agreement

A

Great Britain, France, China, the USSR, the USA and Vietnam

26
Q

What was agreed in Geneva agreement

A

Withdrawal of French troops, the creation of Caesarfire (no more fighting) , the new countries of Laos and Cambodia were formed, Vietnam and south Vietnam were created on a temporary basis. The dividing line was the 17th parallel with a zone

27
Q

What did the USA think of the Jennifer agreement?

A

The USA wanted a prosperous free and non-communist Vietnam but half a cake was better than none. The USA lacked the will to intervene so soon after Korea moderately happy that half of Vietnam was not communist however they were also aware that this was only temporary and that when the election took place in 1956 it was likely that the communist would gain enough votes to take over the whole country

28
Q

Buddhism in Vietnam

A

Most people in Vietnam were Buddhist however some had become Catholic because they wanted to please their colonial masters Catholics were rewarded with the top jobs and became the largest land donors in Vietnam by making up only 10% of the population. When Vietnam was split into the Americans placed ngo dinh Diem a default Catholic in power this angered Buddhists. On eighth of May 1963, but this in the city of why’d to celebrate the birth of Buddha but the police open fire and attempt to disperse the crowd and in the panic that that followed one woman and eight children were killed. Monks would volunteer to commit suicide

29
Q

American support for Diem

A

In Vietnam, the USA prevented the elections taken place due to the fear of a communist victory, the communist already controlled the north Vietnam and Ho Chi Minh was an inspirational figure. in 1955 the USA health set up the anti-Communist Republic of the south Vietnam under NGO Dinh Diem

30
Q

Step one 1949 to 1950

A

The Viet man were communist and wanted Vietnam to be independent from the French, there was a war between the French and the Vietnam from 1946 to 1954. When the French lost the USA gave 500,000,000 to help the French war effort, the Vietnam to use gorilla tactics and the French impossible to beat 190,000 French soldiers were constantly attacked by the vans hit and run rates, in retaliation to the Vietnam gorilla tactics attempted to control the countryside by rating peasants villages which simply increased popular support for the Vietnam the rates caused over 90,000 casualties. At the Battle of DIEN BIEN PHU a large well enforce of the French paratroopers was defeated by the Viet men over 3000 French soldiers died in 8000 died later in captivity. A combination of effective leadership gorilla tactics and shed termination.

31
Q

Step two 1955 to 1962

A

In Vietnam the USA prevented the elections taking place due to the fear of communism victory the communist already controlled north Vietnam and Ho Chi Minh was inspirational figure in 1955. The USA help set up the anti-Communist Republic of South Vietnam under ngo Dinh Diem , the USA new DM was a poor leader but knew of no better

32
Q

Why did the north decide to attack the south?

A

Because the Diem resisted the election of the division so hanio reactivated the Vietnam to conduct gorilla operations in the south

33
Q

Who made up the Viet Kong.

A

Nguyen vAn Hieu

34
Q

What was the Viet Kong?

A

The vehicle was an armed communist organisation in South Vietnam it fought under the direction of North Vietnam against the south Vietnamese and USA

35
Q

What were the aims of the Viet cong

A

Overthrow of the south Vietnamese government and reunification of Vietnam remove Diem and start a gorilla war

36
Q

What methods did the Vietnam use?

A

Laying traps, surprise attacks, not be able to be found

37
Q

President Eisenhower and Kennedy - why did America get involved with Vietnam? Containment.

A

Meant stopping the advance of communism where it looked like it was gaining ground for example the USA supported the French in Vietnam because they thought the Vietnamese were lied to communist China

38
Q

Why did America get involved with Vietnam? The military industrial complex.

A

Some people controversially believe that powerful groups within the USA wanted a war the government gave huge budgets to the military commanders which was spent on contracts for weapons to fight the war. These contracts were with huge Corporations in the USA president Eisenhower the USA not to let these groups become too powerful

39
Q

Why did the America get involved with Vietnam American politics?

A

Political issues back in the USA also played a role in American involvement in Vietnam partially at the election times American elect a new president every four years in the 1950s and 1960s it was sure vote winner to talk tough and communism and anyone who didn’t was sure to lose a votes

40
Q

Why did America get involved with Vietnam the domino theory?

A

President Eisenhower and his secretary of state GF Dulles well convinced that China and the USSR were planning to spread communism throughout Asia this is often referred as the domino theory if Vietnam fell to communism then loas Cambodia, Burma Thailand and maybe even India might fall as well like a row of dominoes

41
Q

The gulf of Tonkin incident August 1964

A

Kennedy was assassin in 1963 and his successor LyndonB Johnson was prepared to start award to prevent the spread of communism in August 1964. North Vietnamese gunboats open fire on US ships in the gulf of Tonkin on August 2, 1964 the US destroyer Madoc exchanged shots with North Vietnamese torpedo boats in the golf of Tonkin, two days later the Maddox and another destroyer reported once again coming on fire. The US Congress passed the Tonkin resolution which gave the power to take all necessary measures to prevent further aggression and a cheap and security.

42
Q

What happened at the gulf of Tonkin?

A

Open fire on the US ships in the Gulf of Tonkin

43
Q

How did the golf of Tonkin incident August 1964 lead to the Vietnam war?

A

Because Maddox and another destroyer reported once again coming under fire and Johnson could now take the USA into a full scale war if he felt it was necessary

44
Q

Vietcong tactics

A

In early 1965, the Vietnam and North Vietnamese army had about 170,000 soldiers were supplied by the USSR in China but heavily outnumbered by the South Vietnamese and the USA. No match for US forces in combat November 19 65 they met the first time in the LA DREMB VALLEY where 2000 Vietnam were killed for the loss of just 300 US soldiers. Ho Chi Minh was not daunted by the prospect of war against the US. He had watched Chinese communist use gorilla tactics to affect and had to use the same tactics against the French and Japanese

45
Q

Limiting the US air support

A

VC and the NVA fired US air power so they developed close quarter fighting. this meant US AirPower couldn’t be used as they hitting their own troops. This was known as hanging on two American belt on 30th of January 1968. The vehicle launch the offensive which was an attack on over 100 cities and military targets they attack towns and cities so the US couldn’t use their airport in case they hits civilians, USA as devastated, many cities including the ancient city of hue

46
Q

Treatment of the south Vietnamese

A

The Vietcong were expected to be cautious and respectful to peasants in South Vietnam they often help the peasants in the fields during busy periods of the year. the VC could also be ruthless. they killed peasants who oppose them or who helped the enemy. Between 1966 and 1971 they killed 27,000 civilians.

47
Q

Well trained soldiers

A

Fighting for a reason which was to protect their country, no uniform was worn so invisible they look like ordinary peasants, travelled light with small food rations, used AK-47 which was reliable and accurate

48
Q

Gorilla tactics

A

No uniform known HQ or bass camp so it was very difficult for the US Army to know who to attack, the VC attacked in small groups with limited weapons so they wouldn’t strand out from other peasants, small arms fire caused 51% of the US casualties, booby traps such as tripwires sharpened bamboo spikes and bouncing Betty land mines caused 11% of US casualties

49
Q

Ho Chi Minh Trail

A

Supplies came from North Vietnam along the trail the USA bombed it constantly but 40,000 Vietnamese work to keep it open and supply the Vietnam with food clothes and weapon, it was estimated that over 1 million vehicle and North Vietnamese Army soldiers died in the war but they were always replaced by more willing volunteers, total aid from the Soviet union and China total 2 billion

50
Q

Bombing

A

Seventh of February 1965 saw the launch of operation rolling thunder bombing campaign which focused on the military and industrial targets in North Vietnam. It also spread to loas us and Cambodia along the Ho Chi Minh Trail. almost 5000 helicopters and 3500 aircraft were destroyed, 2/3 of US bombs were dropped in South Vietnam the USA Ali killing around 50,000

51
Q

Chemical weapons

A

Napalm was a chemical which was used to destroy jungles. It could also burn through skin and bone, 20,000 tons of napalm dropped between 1965 to 73, 82,000,000 L of Agent Orange used during the war

52
Q

Poorly prepared soldiers

A

Soldiers had to sign up to fight for one year once the year was over they were allowed to go home. This meant that the US Army was often full of new recruits and lack the experience of soldiers who would afford for a number of years, of baby traps and ambushes 11% of US casualties were caused by booby traps. Soldiers were always on the edge, carry £90 backpacks made soldiers slow.

53
Q

Search and destroy

A

Developed by general Westmoreland after bombing failed, raids launched from helicopters troops would send on villages, civilians casualties number six dead for each fear Kong weapon found

54
Q

How did the USA fight the Vietnam war?

A

Bombing, kicking them, no mercy, setting light to the village, spread gas everywhere

55
Q

The events of my lia

A

In March 1968, Charlie company started a search and destroy mission in the Quang ngai region of South Vietnam they were young and inexperienced they had been told they would find a Viet Kong headquarters and 200 Fat Kong fighters. They were to burn all houses destroy all livestock and since all the villages would have left for market they were under the impression they should kill everyone they found in the village, four hours between three and four civilians were killed mostly women children and old men, were killed working in fields other mode down machine gunfire, irrigation ditch. They acted with extraordinary brutality, raping and torturing villages before killing them and dragging dozens of people, including young children and babies,

56
Q

Why, what reasons do they give for their actions of the my lia massacre

A

Regret, pointless, or to do it

History ( Conflict And Tention In Asia) (3 decks)

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