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History (Italy) > Booklet 1: 1796-1832 > Flashcards

Booklet 1: 1796-1832 Flashcards

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1
Q

1815

A

Restoration of Italian states by Act of the Congress of Vienna

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2
Q

What was the restoration a result of?

A

End of Napoleonic wars

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3
Q

What was reactionary rule?

A

When a ruler uses oppression to oppose change

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4
Q

What was the Risorgimento?

A

‘Reawakening’. Used to describe the development of national identity and an awareness among Italians of common culture

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5
Q

Was was the impact of the Risorgimento?

A

Limited, but there was a growing awareness among the literate class

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6
Q

What was the unifying factor for most Italian nationalists?

A

To challenge Austrian influence and expel them from the Italian peninsula

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7
Q

Why did most revolutions fail?

A

Regional differences, diversity of aims, and lack of foreign support

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8
Q

What is an absolutist state?

A

A state without any restriction on the power or authority of the ruler

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9
Q

What is temporal power?

A

The political power of the papacy

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10
Q

What was the Kingdom of Sardinia made up of?

A

Piedmont on the mainland and the island of Sardinia

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11
Q

Who ruled the Kingdom of Sardinian and where?

A

House of Savoy in Turin

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12
Q

What was Sardinia like?

A

Backwards, poor and scarcely populated

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13
Q

What did Victor Emmanuel I do in 1814?

A

Returned to Piedmont and began to restore the absolutist state

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14
Q

What was the church restored to?

A

Its pre-Napoleonic privileged status

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15
Q

What happened to Lombardy?

A

Before the Napoleonic wars it was part of the Austrian Empire, and afterwards it was returned to Austrian control in 1814

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16
Q

Who ruled the Papal States pre-Napoleon?

A

Ruled by the head of the Catholic Church who resided in Rome, the Pope

17
Q

What happened to the Papal States post-Napoleon?

A

Pope Pius VII was restored to his position as spiritual and temporal ruler

18
Q

What was Venetia like pre and post-Napoleon?

A

Had lost its importance as a trading power, and fell under Napoleonic rule, but afterwards was annexed to Austria

19
Q

What were the Central Duchies?

A

Tuscany, Modena and Parma

20
Q

What were the Central Duchies like during the Napoleonic period?

A

Amalgamated in 1801 into the Kingdom of Etruria

21
Q

What happened to the Central Duchies post-Napoleon?

A

Left them firmly under Austrian influence

22
Q

What was the Kingdom of Naples made up of?

A

Sicily and the southern part of the mainland, poorest region in Italy

23
Q

Who was restored to the Kingdom of Naples in 1815?

A

Bourbon King Ferdinand I, Church was restored to its position of power

24
Q

What was the Carbonari?

A

‘Charcoal Burners’, secret society committed to the rights of the people and was prepared to use violence and revolution to achieve its aims

25
Q

Where was the Carbonari strongest?

A

In Naples where it had as many as 60,000 members following the restoration in 1815

26
Q

What happened in 1820-21?

A

Uprisings and revolutions in Naples, Sicily, and Piedmont which reflected dissatisfaction with rulers and local issues

27
Q

What was the result of 1820-21?

A

Did not go as far as to challenge Austrian hegemony nor form the basis of a movement demanding change on a national basis, number of Italian revolutionaries fled abroad

28
Q

Through the 1820 was there any national movements?

A

No, but there were groups with grievances with the rulers and so joined secret societies

29
Q

Who were the types of people that joined secret societies?

A

Those who’d lost out from the restoration of the old monarchies, those who lost political rights

30
Q

What was another secret society?

A

Adelfi, strongly anti-french society, but by 1818 its main aim was the destruction of Austrian rule leading to a democratic republic

31
Q

What was the fundamental economic issue?

A

Ownership of land

32
Q

What was industrial development like?

A

Certain regions, focus on textiles and light industry, relied on foreign imports, slow in North but non-existent in South

33
Q

When was the first railway built?

A

1839

34
Q

When were the widespread famines?

A

1814, 1818, mid-1840s and 1853

35
Q

When were the Cholera outbreaks?

A

1835-1837

History (Italy) (12 decks)

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