Book1 Flashcards
beta-oxidation
enzyme (and possible cofactors) involved in first step of beta-oxidation
Acyl CoA Dehydrogenase, FAD
beta-oxidation
enzyme (and possible cofactors) involved in second step of beta-oxidation pathway
Enoyl CoA Hydratase, H2O
beta-oxidation
enzyme (and possible cofactors) involved in third step of beta-oxidation
beta-OH Acyl CoA dehydrogenase, NAD
beta-oxidation
enzyme (and possible cofactors/substrates) involved in fourth step of beta-oxidation
beta-thiolase, CoASH
beta-oxidation
product of first reaction
Enoyl CoA
beta-oxidation
product of second reaction
beta-hydroxy acyl CoA
beta-oxidation
product of third reaction
ketoacyl-CoA
beta-oxidation
C2 product of fourth reaction
acetyl CoA
beta-oxidation
Cn –> how many acetyl CoA?
n/2
beta-oxidation
Cn –> n/2 acetyl CoA takes how many cycle turns?
(n/2) - 1
beta-oxidation
number of NADH and FADH2 produced per each cycle turn
1 NADH, 1 FADH2
beta-oxidation
number of ATP required for (n) acetyl CoA –> (2n) CO2
(n x 10) ATP
fatty acid synthesis: Activates acetyl CoA for reaction with malonyl-ACP
Acetyl Transferase CoASH
fatty acid synthesis: Activates malonyl CoA for reaction with acetyl-ACP
Malonyl transferase
fatty acid synthesis: Reacts priming acetyl-ACP with chain-extending malonyl-ACP
beta ketoacyl ACP synthase
fatty acid synthesis: Reduces the carbon 3 ketone to a hydroxyl group
beta ketoacyl ACP reductase
fatty acid synthesis: Removes water
beto ketoacyl ACP dehydratase
fatty acid synthesis: Reduces the C3-C4 double bond
Enoyl ACP reductase
enzyme:
Reaction: Acetyl Transferase CoASH
enzyme:
reaction: Malonyl Transferase
enzyme:
reaction: beta ketoacyl ACP synthase
enzyme:
reaction: beta ketoacyl ACP reductase
enzyme:
reaction: beto ketoacyl ACP dehydratase
enzyme:
reaction: Enoyl ACP reductase
Reaction: Acetyl Transferase CoASH
enzyme:
reaction: Malonyl Transferase
enzyme:
reaction: beta ketoacyl ACP synthase
enzyme:
reaction: beta ketoacyl ACP reductase
enzyme:
reaction: beto ketoacyl ACP dehydratase
enzyme:
reaction: Enoyl ACP reductase
enzyme:
Write overall equation by which palmitate is produced from acetyl CoA
8acetyl-CoA + 7ATP + 14NADPH + 14H+ —-> CH3(CH2)14CO2- + 7ADP + 7Pi + 14NADP+ + 7H2O
Arachidonic acid is synthesized from:
linoleic acid
linoleic acid: abbreviation
C18:2 (cis 9,12)
C 18:2 (cis 9,12) —(?)—> C 18:3 (cis 6,9,12)
NADP—–>NADPH
C 18:3 (cis 6,9,12) —(?)—> C 20:3 (cis 8,11,14)
C3 —-> CO2
arachidonic acid abbreviation
C 20:4 (cis 5,8,11,14)
arachidonic acid structure
enzyme: arachidonic acid —-> PGH2
PGH synthase/cyclooxygenase + 2O2
arachidonic acid —(PGH synthase/cyclooxygenase)—>
PGH2
? —–> eicosanoid hormones
PGH2
PGH2 structure
mechanism by which Aspirin relieves pain
O-acetylates serine on PGH synthase (inactivating)
aspirin structure
Tylenol (acetaminophen) structure
Motrin (ibuprofen) structure
difference between aspirin and motril/tylonol
aspirin competes with arachidonic acid for its substrate
PSII: reaction center
P680
PSII: P680 –>
P680*
P680* reduction potential
-400mV
helps P680* –> P680’+
PQox –> PQred
PQ reduction potential
0mV
P680* –>
P680’+
P680’+ reduction potential
+1400mV
PSII electron donor
H2O
helps P680’+ —-> P680
H2O –> 1/2 O2
H2O reduction potential
+816mV
helps P680 –> P680*
hv
PSI: reaction center
P700
P700 –>
P700*
P700* reduction potential
-1200mV
helps P700* –> P700’+
NADP –> NADPH
NADP reduction potential
-320mV
P700* –>
P700’+
P700’+ reduction potential
+450mV
helps P700’+ —–> P700
PCred –> PCox
P700’+ –>
P700
PC reduction potential
-320mV
catalyzed by rubisco
6 CO2 + 6 RuBP —-> 12 3-PG
3-PG Kinase catalyzes
12 3-PG + 12 ATP —-> 12 1,3-BPG
GAPDH catalyzes
12 1,3-BPG + 12 NADPH —-> 12 GAP + 12 Pi + 12 NADP
Triose P Isomerase catalyzes
5 GAP —-> 5 DHAP
FBP aldolase catalyzes
3 GAP + 3 DHAP —-> 3 FBP
FBPase catalyzes
3 FBP —-> 3 F6P + 3 Pi
Phosphoglucoisomerase catalyzes
F6P —-> G6P
G6Pase catalyzes
G6P —-> glucose
6 CO2 + 6 RuBP —-> 12 3-PG
catalyzed by rubisco
12 3-PG + 12 ATP —-> 12 1,3-BPG
3-PG Kinase catalyzes
12 1,3-BPG + 12 NADPH —-> 12 GAP + 12 Pi + 12 NADP
GAPDH catalyzes
5 GAP —-> 5 DHAP
Triose P Isomerase catalyzes
3 GAP + 3 DHAP —-> 3 FBP
FBP aldolase catalyzes
3 FBP —-> 3 F6P + 3 Pi
FBPase catalyzes
F6P —-> G6P
Phosphoglucoisomerase catalyzes
G6P —-> glucose
G6Pase catalyzes
2 GAP + 2 F6P —-> 2 X-5-P + 2 E-4-P
enzyme 9
2 E-4-P + 2 DHAP —-> 2 SBP
enzyme 10
2 SBP —-> 2 S-7-P
SBPase
2 S-7-P + 2 GAP —-> 2 X-5-P + 2 R-5-P
enzyme 12
2 X-5-P —-> 2 RuMP
enzyme 13
2 R-5-P —-> 2 RuMP
enzyme 14
6 RuMP —-> 6 RuBP
RuMP kinase catalyzes
RuMP kinase catalyzes
6 RuMP —-> 6 RuBP
full name:
structure: Ribulose-1,5-BP
structure: Ribulose-1,5-BP
full name:
1st enzyme in pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
pyruvate dehydrogenase
2nd enzyme in pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
dihydrolipoyl transacetylase
3rd enzyme in pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase
cofactor for pyruvate dehydrogenase
TPP
cofactor for dihydrolipoyl transacetylase
lipoic acid
cofactor for dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase
FAD
subunits of pyruvate dehydrogenase
(Þß)24
subunits of dihydrolipoyl transacetylase
alpha24
subunits of dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase
alpha12
five vitamins part of PDH complex
B1 - thiamine pyrophosphate
B2 - riboflavin (FAD)
B3 - nicotanimide (NAD)
B5 - pantothenic acid (CoASH)
Lipoic Acid
TPP —>
Acetyl Lipoic Acid —>
Acetyl Lipoic Acid structure
PDH: CoASH catalyzes this reaction
final product of PDH complex
succinyl CoA
PDH: Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase interacts with
FAD
