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Medical Roots, Suffixes and Prefixes > Book1 > Flashcards

Book1 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

a-

A

no; not; without

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2
Q

an-

A

no; not; without

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3
Q

ab-

A

away from

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4
Q

abdomin/o

A

abdomen

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5
Q
  • ac
A

pertaining to

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6
Q

acanth/o

A

spiny; thorny

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7
Q

acar/o

A

mites

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8
Q

acetabul/o

A

acetabulum (hip socket)

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9
Q

acous/o

A

hearing

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10
Q

acoust/o

A

hearing, sound

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11
Q

acr/o

A

extremeties; top; extreme point

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12
Q

acromi/o

A

acromion (extension of shoulder bone)

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13
Q

actin/o

A

light

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14
Q

acu/o

A

sharp; severe; sudden

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15
Q

-acusis

A

hearing

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16
Q

ad-

A

toward

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17
Q

-ad

A

toward

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18
Q

aden/o

A

gland

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19
Q

adenoid/o

A

adenoids

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20
Q

adip/o

A

fat

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21
Q

adren/o

A

adrenal gland

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22
Q

adrenal/o

A

adrenal gland

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23
Q

aer/o

A

air

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24
Q

af-

A

toward

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25
Q

agglutin/o

A

clumping; sticking together

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26
Q

-agogue

A

producer, leader

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27
Q

-agon

A

to assemble; gather

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28
Q

agora-

A

marketplace

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29
Q

-agra

A

excessive pain

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30
Q

-al

A

pertaining to

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31
Q

alb/o

A

white

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32
Q

albin/o

A

white

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33
Q

albumin/o

A

albumin (protein)

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34
Q

alges/o

A

sensitivity to pain

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35
Q

-algesia

A

sensitivity to pain

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36
Q

-algia

A

pain

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37
Q

all/o

A

other

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38
Q

alveol/o

A

alveolus; air sac; small sac

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39
Q

ambi-

A

around, on both sides, about

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40
Q

ambly/o

A

dim; dul

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41
Q

amphi-

A

around, on both sides

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42
Q

-amine

A

nitrogen compound

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43
Q

ammon/o

A

ammonium

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44
Q

amni/o

A

amnion (ssac surrounding the embryo)

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45
Q

amyl/o

A

starch

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46
Q

an/o

A

anus

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47
Q

-an

A

pertaining to

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48
Q

ana-

A

up; apart; backward; again; anew

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49
Q

andr/o

A

male

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50
Q

aneurysm/o

A

aneurysm (widening of blood vessel)

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51
Q

angi/o

A

vessel (blood)

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52
Q

anis/o

A

unequal

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53
Q

ankyl/o

A

stiff

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54
Q

ante-

A

before; forward

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55
Q

anter/o

A

front

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56
Q

anthrac/o

A

coal

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57
Q

anthr/o

A

antrum of the stomach

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58
Q

anti-

A

against

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59
Q

anxi/o

A

uneasy; anxious

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60
Q

aort/o

A

aorta (largest artery)

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61
Q

-apheresis

A

removal

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62
Q

aphth/o

A

ulcer

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63
Q

apo-

A

off; away

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64
Q

aponeur/o

A

aponeurosis (type of tendon)

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65
Q

append/o

A

appendix

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66
Q

appendic/o

A

appendix

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67
Q

aque/o

A

water

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68
Q

-ar

A

pertaining to

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69
Q

arachn/o

A

spider

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70
Q

-arche

A

beginning

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71
Q

arsenic/o

A

arsenic

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72
Q

arter/o

A

artery

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73
Q

arteri/o

A

artery

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74
Q

arteriol/o

A

arteriole (small artery)

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75
Q

arthr/o

A

joint

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76
Q

-arthria

A

articulate (speak distinctly)

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77
Q

articul/o

A

joint

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78
Q

-artresia

A

closure, occlusion

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79
Q

atreto-

A

closed, lacking an opening

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80
Q

-ary

A

pertaining to

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81
Q

asbest/o

A

asbestos

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82
Q

-ase

A

enzyme

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83
Q

aspir/o

A

removal

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84
Q

-assay

A

to examine, analyze

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85
Q

-asthenia

A

lack of strength

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86
Q

astr/o

A

star, star-shaped

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87
Q

aque/o

A

water

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88
Q

atel/o

A

incomplete

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89
Q

ather/o

A

plaque (fatty substance)

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90
Q

-ation

A

process; condition

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91
Q

atri/o

A

atrium (upper heart chamber)

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92
Q

atmo-

A

steam, vapor

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93
Q

audi/o

A

hearing

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94
Q

audit/o

A

hearing

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95
Q

aur/o

A

ear

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96
Q

auricul/o

A

ear

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97
Q

auscult/o

A

to listen

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98
Q

aut/o

A

self; own

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99
Q

aut-

A

self; own

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100
Q

auto-

A

self; own

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101
Q

aux/o

A

growth, acceleration

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102
Q

axill/o

A

armpit

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103
Q

axi/o

A

axis

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104
Q

azot/o

A

urea; nitrogen

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105
Q

bacill/o

A

bacilli (bacteria)

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106
Q

bacteri/o

A

bacteria

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107
Q

balan/o

A

glans penis

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108
Q

bar/o

A

pressure; weight

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109
Q

bartholin/o

A

Bartholin glands

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110
Q

bary-

A

weight, pressure

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111
Q

-basia

A

walking

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112
Q

bas/o

A

base; opposite of acid

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113
Q

batho-, bathy-

A

deep, depth

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114
Q

bi-

A

two

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115
Q

bi/o

A

life

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116
Q

bil/i

A

bile; gall

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117
Q

bilirubin/o

A

bilirubin

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118
Q

-blast

A

embryonic; immature cell

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119
Q

-blastoma

A

immature tumor (cells)

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120
Q

blenn/o

A

mucus

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121
Q

blephar/o

A

eyelid

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122
Q

bol/o

A

cast; throw

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123
Q

-boulia

A

will

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124
Q

brachi/o

A

arm

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125
Q

brachy-

A

short

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126
Q

brady-

A

slow

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127
Q

brom/o

A

bromine-containing compound, odor

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128
Q

bronch/o

A

bronchial tube

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129
Q

bronchi/o

A

bronchial tube

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130
Q

bronchiol/o

A

bronchiole

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131
Q

bucc/o

A

cheek

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132
Q

bunion/o

A

bunion

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133
Q

burs/o

A

bursa (sac of fluid near joints)

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134
Q

byssin/o

A

cotton dust

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135
Q

cac/o

A

bad

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136
Q

calc/o

A

calcium

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137
Q

calcane/o

A

calcaneus (heel bone)

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138
Q

calci/o

A

calcium

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139
Q

calcul/o, -calculia

A

to compute

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140
Q

cali/o

A

calyx

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141
Q

calic/o

A

calyx

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142
Q

calor/i

A

heat

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143
Q

campt/o

A

bent

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144
Q

capillar/o

A

capillary (tiniest blood vessel)

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145
Q

capn/o

A

carbon dioxide

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146
Q

-capnia

A

carbon dioxide

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147
Q

caps/o, capsul/o

A

capsule, container

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148
Q

carcin/o

A

cancerous; cancer

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149
Q

cari/o

A

caries, rottenness

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150
Q

cardi/o

A

heart

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151
Q

carp/o

A

wrist bones (carpals)

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152
Q

cata-

A

down

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153
Q

-cataphasia

A

affirmation

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154
Q

cathar/o, cathart/o

A

cleansing, purging

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155
Q

-cathisia, -kathisia

A

sitting

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156
Q

caud/o

A

tail; lower part of body

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157
Q

caus/o

A

burn; burning

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158
Q

cauter/o

A

heat; burn

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159
Q

cav/o, cavit/o

A

hollow, cavity

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160
Q

cec/o

A

cecum (first part of colon)

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161
Q

-cele

A

hernia

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162
Q

celi/o

A

belly; abdomen

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163
Q

-centesis

A

surgical puncture to remove fluid

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164
Q

centr/o

A

center

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165
Q

cephal/o

A

head

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166
Q

cerebell/o

A

cerebellum (posterior part of the brain)

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167
Q

cerebr/o

A

cerebrum (largest part of the brain)

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168
Q

cerumin/o

A

cerumen

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169
Q

cervic/o

A

neck; cervix (neck of uterus)

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170
Q

-chalasia

A

relaxation

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171
Q

-chalasis

A

relaxation

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172
Q

cheil/o

A

lip

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173
Q

chem/o

A

drug; chemical

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174
Q

-chezia

A

defacation; elimination of wastes

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175
Q

chir/o

A

hand

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176
Q

chlor/o

A

green

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177
Q

chlorhydr/o

A

hydrochloric acid

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178
Q

chol/e

A

bile; gall

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179
Q

cholangi/o

A

bile; vessel

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180
Q

cholecyst/o

A

gallbladder

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181
Q

choledoch/o

A

common bile duct

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182
Q

cholesterol/o

A

cholesterol

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183
Q

chondr/o

A

cartilage

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184
Q

chore/o

A

dance

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185
Q

chori/o

A

chorion (outermost membrane of the fetus)

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186
Q

chorion/o

A

chorion

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187
Q

choroid/o

A

choroid layer of eye

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188
Q

-chroia

A

skin coloration

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189
Q

chrom/o

A

color

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190
Q

chron/o

A

time

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191
Q

chrys/o

A

gold

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192
Q

chyl/o

A

chyle

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193
Q

chym/o

A

to pour

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194
Q

cib/o

A

meal

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195
Q

-cide

A

killing

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196
Q

-cidal

A

pertaining to killing

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197
Q

cine/o

A

movement

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198
Q

circum-

A

around

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199
Q

cirrh/o

A

orange-yellow

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200
Q

cis/o

A

to cut

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201
Q

-clasis

A

to break

202
Q

-clast

A

to break

203
Q

claustr/o

A

enclosed space

204
Q

clavicul/o

A

clavicle (collar bone)

205
Q

cleid/o

A

clavicle

206
Q

clin/o

A

to slope, bend

207
Q

-clysis

A

irragation; washing

208
Q

coagul/o

A

coagulation (clotting)

209
Q

-coccus

A

berry-shaped bacterium

210
Q

coccyg/o

A

coccyx (tail bone)

211
Q

cochle/o

A

cochlea (inner part of ear)

212
Q

-coimesis

A

sleeping

213
Q

col/o

A

colon (large intestine)

214
Q

coll/a

A

glue

215
Q

colon/o

A

colon (large intestine)

216
Q

colp/o

A

vagina

217
Q

comat/o

A

deep sleep

218
Q

comi/o

A

to care for

219
Q

-coma

A

deep sleep

220
Q

con-

A

together; with

221
Q

coni/o

A

dust

222
Q

conjunctiv/o

A

conjuctiva (lines of eyelids)

223
Q

consci/o

A

awareness, aware

224
Q

constrict/o

A

narrowing, binding

225
Q

-constriction

A

narrowing

226
Q

contra-

A

against; opposite

227
Q

contus/o

A

to bruise

228
Q

cor/o

A

pupil

229
Q

core/o

A

pupil

230
Q

corne/o

A

cornea

231
Q

coron/o

A

heart

232
Q

corpor/o

A

body

233
Q

cortic/o

A

cortex, outer region

234
Q

cost/o

A

rib

235
Q

cox/o

A

hip

236
Q

crani/o

A

skull

237
Q

cras/o

A

mixture; temperament

238
Q

crin/o

A

secrete

239
Q

-crine

A

to secrete; separate

240
Q

-crit

A

to separtate

241
Q

critic/o

A

crisis, dangerous

242
Q

cry/o

A

cold

243
Q

crypt/o

A

hidden

244
Q

cubit/o

A

elbow, forearm

245
Q

culd/o

A

cul-de-sac

246
Q

cupr/o

A

copper

247
Q

-cusis

A

hearing

248
Q

cutane/o

A

skin

249
Q

cyan/o

A

blue

250
Q

cycl/o

A

ciliary body of eye; cycle; circle

251
Q

-cyesis

A

pregnancy

252
Q

cyst/o

A

urinary bladder; cyst; sac of fluid

253
Q

cyt/o

A

cell

254
Q

-cyte

A

cell

255
Q

-cytosis

A

condition of cells; slight increase in numbers

256
Q

dacry/o

A

tear

257
Q

dacryoaden/o

A

tear gland

258
Q

dacryocyst/o

A

tear sac; lacriman sac

259
Q

dactyl/o

A

fingers; toes

260
Q

de-

A

lack of; down; less; removal of

261
Q

dem/o

A

people

262
Q

dent/i

A

tooth

263
Q

derm/o

A

skin

264
Q

-derma

A

skin

265
Q

dermat/o

A

skin

266
Q

desicc/o

A

drying

267
Q

-desis

A

to bind; tie together

268
Q

dextr/o

A

right

269
Q

dia-

A

complete; through

270
Q

diaphor/o

A

sweat

271
Q

-dilation

A

widening; stretching; expanding

272
Q

dilat/o

A

to enlarge, expand

273
Q

dipl/o

A

double

274
Q

dips/o

A

thirst

275
Q

dis-

A

apart, to separate

276
Q

dist/o

A

far; distant

277
Q

dolich/o

A

long

278
Q

dolor/o

A

pain

279
Q

dors/o

A

back (of body)

280
Q

dorsi-

A

back

281
Q

-dote

A

to give

282
Q

-drome

A

to run

283
Q

duct/o

A

to lead; carry

284
Q

duoden/o

A

duodenum

285
Q

dur/o

A

dura mater

286
Q

dynam/o

A

power, strength

287
Q

-dynia

A

pain

288
Q

dys-

A

bad: painful: difficult: abnormal

289
Q

-eal

A

pertaining to

290
Q

ec-

A

out; outside

291
Q

echin/o

A

spiny, prickly

292
Q

echo-

A

reflected sound

293
Q

-ectasia

A

dilation; dilatation; widening

294
Q

-ectasis

A

dilation; dilatation; widening

295
Q

ecto-

A

out; outside

296
Q

ectro/o

A

congenital absence

297
Q

-ectomy

A

removal; excision; resection

298
Q

-edema

A

swelling

299
Q

eight

A

octa-, octi-

300
Q

-elasma

A

flat plate

301
Q

electr/o

A

electricity

302
Q

ele/o

A

oil

303
Q

em-

A

in

304
Q

-ema

A

condition

305
Q

embolo/o

A

embolus

306
Q

embry/o

A

embryo

307
Q

-emesis

A

vomiting

308
Q

-emia

A

blood condition

309
Q

-emic

A

pertaining to blood condition

310
Q

emmetr/o

A

in due measure

311
Q

-emphraxis

A

stoppage, obstruction

312
Q

en-

A

in; within

313
Q

enanti/o

A

opposite, opposed

314
Q

encephal/o

A

brain

315
Q

end-

A

in; within

316
Q

endo-

A

in; within

317
Q

enter/o

A

intestines (usually small intestine)

318
Q

eosin/o

A

red; rosy; dawn-colored

319
Q

epi-

A

above; upon; on

320
Q

epididym/o

A

epididymis

321
Q

epiglott/o

A

epiglottis

322
Q

episi/o

A

vulva

323
Q

epitheli/o

A

skin; epithelium

324
Q

equi-

A

equality, equal

325
Q

equin/o

A

horse

326
Q

-er

A

one who

327
Q

erg/o

A

work

328
Q

erethism/o

A

irritation

329
Q

erythem/o

A

flushed; redness

330
Q

erythr/o

A

red

331
Q

eschar/o

A

scab

332
Q

-esis

A

action; condition; state of

333
Q

eso-

A

inward

334
Q

esophag/o

A

esophagus

335
Q

esthes/o

A

nervous sensation

336
Q

esthesi/o

A

nervous sensation

337
Q

-esthesia

A

nervous sensation

338
Q

estr/o

A

female

339
Q

ethm/o

A

sieve

340
Q

eti/o

A

cause

341
Q

eu-

A

good; normal

342
Q

-eurysm

A

widening

343
Q

ex-

A

out; away from

344
Q

exanthemat/o

A

rash

345
Q

exo-

A

out; away from

346
Q

extra-

A

outside

347
Q

faci/o

A

face

348
Q

-facient

A

to cause, make happen

349
Q

fasci/o

A

fascia (membrane supporting muscles)

350
Q

febr/i

A

fever

351
Q

femor/o

A

femur (thigh bone)

352
Q

-ferent

A

to carry

353
Q

ferr/i, ferr/o

A

iron

354
Q

fet/o

A

fetus

355
Q

fibr/o

A

fiber

356
Q

fibros/o

A

fibrous connective tissue

357
Q

fibul/o

A

fibula

358
Q

-fication

A

process of making

359
Q

-fida

A

split

360
Q

fil/i, fil/o, filament/o

A

threat, threadlike

361
Q

five

A

pent-, penta-, quinque-

362
Q

flav/o

A

yellow

363
Q

flex/o

A

to bend

364
Q

fluor/o

A

luminous

365
Q

follicul/o

A

follicle; small sac

366
Q

fore-

A

before, in front

367
Q

-form

A

resembling; in the shape of

368
Q

four

A

quadri, tetra-

369
Q

fovea/o

A

small pit or depression

370
Q

frig/o, frigid/o

A

cold

371
Q

funct/o

A

performance

372
Q

fung/i

A

fungus; mushroom (organism lacking chlorophyll)

373
Q

furc/o

A

forking; branching

374
Q

fusc/o

A

dark brown

375
Q

-fusion

A

to pour; to come together

376
Q

galact/o

A

milk

377
Q

ganglion/o

A

ganglion; collection of nerve cell bodies

378
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach

379
Q

gel/o

A

to freeze, congeal

380
Q

gemell/o

A

twins

381
Q

-gen

A

substance that produces

382
Q

-genesis

A

producing; forming

383
Q

-genic

A

produced by or in

384
Q

geni/o

A

chin

385
Q

genit/o

A

reproduction

386
Q

ge/o

A

earth, soil

387
Q

ger/o

A

old age

388
Q

geront/o

A

old age

389
Q

gest/o

A

pregnancy

390
Q

gester/o

A

pregnancy

391
Q

gigant/o

A

huge

392
Q

gingiv/o

A

gum

393
Q

glauc/o

A

gray

394
Q

gli/o

A

glial cells; neuroglial cells

395
Q

-globin

A

protein

396
Q

-globulin

A

protein

397
Q

glomerul/o

A

glomerulus

398
Q

gloss/o

A

tongue

399
Q

gluc/o

A

glucose; sugar

400
Q

glyc/o

A

glucose; sugar

401
Q

glycogen/o

A

glycogen; animal starch

402
Q

glycos/o

A

glucose; sugar

403
Q

gnath/o

A

jaw

404
Q

gnos/o

A

knowledge

405
Q

gon/o

A

seed

406
Q

gonad/o

A

sex glands

407
Q

goni/o

A

angle

408
Q

-grade

A

to go

409
Q

-gram

A

record

410
Q

granul/o

A

granule(s)

411
Q

-graph

A

instrument for recording

412
Q

graph/o

A

writing

413
Q

-graphy

A

process of recording

414
Q

gravid/o

A

pregnancy

415
Q

-gravida

A

pregnant woman

416
Q

gynec/o

A

woman; female

417
Q

gyr/o

A

circle, spiral

418
Q

hallucin/o

A

hallucination

419
Q

hapl/o

A

simple, single

420
Q

helc/o

A

ulcer

421
Q

heli/o

A

sun

422
Q

-helminth

A

worm

423
Q

hem/o

A

blood

424
Q

hemat/o

A

blood

425
Q

hemi-

A

half

426
Q

hemoglobin/o

A

hemoglobin

427
Q

hepat/o

A

liver

428
Q

heredo-

A

heredity

429
Q

herni/o

A

hernia

430
Q

-hexia

A

habit

431
Q

hidr/o

A

sweat

432
Q

hirsut/o

A

hairy

433
Q

hirund/i

A

leech

434
Q

hist/o

A

tissue

435
Q

histi/o

A

tissue

436
Q

holo-

A

entire, complete

437
Q

home/o

A

sameness; unchanging; constant

438
Q

hormon/o

A

hormone

439
Q

hymen/o

A

hymen

440
Q

humer/o

A

humerous

441
Q

hydr/o

A

water

442
Q

hygr/o

A

moisture

443
Q

hyper-

A

above; excessive

444
Q

hypn/o

A

sleep

445
Q

hypo-

A

deficient; below; under; less than normal

446
Q

hypophys/o

A

pituitary gland

447
Q

hypothalam/o

A

hypothalamus

448
Q

hypsi-

A

high

449
Q

hyster/o

A

uterus; womb

450
Q

demi

A

half

451
Q

hemi

A

half

452
Q

semi

A

half

453
Q

-ia

A

condition

454
Q

-iac

A

pertaining to

455
Q

-iasis

A

abnormal condition

456
Q

iatr/o

A

physician; treatment

457
Q

-ic

A

pertaining to

458
Q

-ical

A

pertaining to

459
Q

ichthy/o

A

dry; scaly

460
Q

-ician

A

specialist

461
Q

-icle

A

small

462
Q

ide/o

A

idea, mental images

463
Q

idi/o

A

unknown; individual; distinct

464
Q

ile/o

A

ileum

465
Q

ili/o

A

ilium

466
Q

immun/o

A

immune; protection; safe

467
Q

in-

A

in; into; not

468
Q

-in

A

a substance, chemical, chemical compound

469
Q

-ine

A

a substance, chemical, chemical compound

470
Q

-ine

A

pertaining to

471
Q

infra-

A

below; inferior to; beneath

472
Q

inguin/o

A

groin

473
Q

insulin/o

A

insulin (pancreatic hormone)

474
Q

inter-

A

between

475
Q

intra-

A

within; into

476
Q

iod/o

A

iodine

477
Q

ion/o

A

ion; to wander

478
Q

-ion

A

process

479
Q

-ior

A

pertaining to

480
Q

ipsi-

A

same

481
Q

ir-

A

in

482
Q

ir/o

A

iris (colored portion of eye)

483
Q

irid/o

A

iris (colored portion of eye)

484
Q

is/o

A

same; equal

485
Q

isch/o

A

to hold back; back

486
Q

ischi/o

A

ischium (part of hip bone)

487
Q

-ism

A

process; condition

488
Q

-ist

A

specialist

489
Q

ithy-

A

erect, straight

490
Q

-itis

A

inflammation

491
Q

-ium

A

structure; tissue

492
Q

ixod/i

A

ticks

493
Q

juxta-

A

near

494
Q

jaund/o

A

yellow

495
Q

jejun/o

A

jejunum

496
Q

kal/i

A

potassium

497
Q

kary/o

A

nucleus

498
Q

kel/o

A

tumor, fibrous growth

499
Q

kerat/o

A

cornea; hard, horny tissue

500
Q

keraun/o

A

lightning

Medical Roots, Suffixes and Prefixes (8 decks)

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