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Book Two Flashcards

Kinematics - Dynamics - Forces, Density and Pressure (49 cards)

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1
Q

*what is distance? + SI unit

A

the length of the actual path followed by a body
metre

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2
Q

*what is displacement? + SI unit

A

the shortest distance between two points
metre

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3
Q

*what is speed? + formula, SI unit

A

the rate of change of distance
average speed = tot. distance moved / tot. time taken
ms^-1

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4
Q

*what is velocity? + formula, SI unit

A

the rate of change of displacement
average velocity = tot. displacement / tot. time taken
ms^-1

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5
Q

*what is acceleration? + formula, SI unit

A

the rate of change of velocity
average acceleration = change in velocity / time taken
ms^-2

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6
Q

*equations of motion

A

v = u + at
s = ut + 1/2at^2
v^2 = u^2 + 2as

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7
Q

*what is acceleration of free fall?

A

acceleration due to gravity
9.81ms^-2
g

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8
Q

*displacement-time graph (s-t graph)

A
  • gradient is uniform velocity
  • straight line is stationary/at rest
  • inward curve is for acceleration
  • outward curve for deceleration
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9
Q

*velocity-time graph (v-t graph)

A
  • gradient = acceleration
  • straight line is uniform acceleration
  • uniform deceleration
  • inward curve is non-uniform increasing acceleration
  • outward curve is non-uniform decreasing acceleration
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10
Q

*what is newtons 1st law?

A

a body will remain in its uniform state of rest or motion on a straight line unless acted upon by a resultant force

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11
Q

*what is inertia?

A

the reluctance of a body to change its state of rest or motion

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12
Q

*what is mass?

A

the property of a body that resists change in its state of motion

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13
Q

*what is momentum? + formula, SI unit

A

the product of mass and velocity
p = mv
kgms^-1

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14
Q

*what is the principle of conservation of momentum?

A

it states that total momentum of a system remains constant unless an external force acts on it

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15
Q

*what is newtons 2nd law?

A

rate of change of momentum is directly proportional to the resultant force acting upon it

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16
Q

*what is a newton?

A

the force that gives unit mass unit acceleration

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17
Q

*what is impulse? + formula, SI unit

A

the product of force and time
impulse = force x time
Ns or kgms^-1

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18
Q

*what is newtons 3rd law?

A

for every action force there is an equal and opposite reaction force

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19
Q

*what is weight? + formula, SI unit

A

this is force of gravity acting on a body
W = mg
N

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20
Q

*nb:

Study These Flashcards
A

mass doesn’t vary from place to place but weight does since g isn’t constant

21
Q

*what is a projectile?

Study These Flashcards
A

any object thrown in the earths gravitational field

22
Q

*equations of projectile motion : vertical motion

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A
  • max. height
    hmax. = u^2sin2x / 2g
  • time taken to reach hmax.
    t = usinx / g
  • time of flight = 2t
    2t = 2usinx / g
    alt.
    t’ = 2usinx / g
23
Q

*equations of projectile motion : horizontal motion

Study These Flashcards
A
  • range
    R = u^2 / g (sin2x)
    for a given velocity or projection, R is maximum when sin2x = 1 - x = 45*
    then,
    Rmax = u^2 / g
24
Q

*what are collisions? + types

Study These Flashcards
A

interaction between bodies
- elastic and inelastic collisions

25
*what are elastic collisions?
where kinetic energy is conserved
26
*what are inelastic collisions?
where kinetic energy is not conserved
27
*before collision = after collision formula
m1u1^2 + m2u2^2 = m1v1^2 + m2v2^2
28
*equations of collisions
- m1(u1 - v1) = m2(u2 - v2) - m1(u1 - v1)(u1 + v1)=m2(v2 - u2)(v2 + u2) - u1 - u2 = - (v1 - v2) - u1 = v1 + v2 - u1 = v2 - v1
29
*what is force? + formula, SI unit
a push or pull on one body by another F =ma N
30
*types of forces
weight - gravitational force on a body upthrust - upward force experienced by a body placed in a fluid that causes it to float thrust - forward force from an engine air resistance - frictional force that resists motion of a body in air tension - force in a stretched material friction - the resistance of the sliding or rolling of one body over another contact - force between two bodies
31
*what is upthrust?
upward force experienced by a body immersed in a fluid which causes a pressure on the body exerted by the fluid
32
*what is archimedes principle?
a body immersed in a fluid experiences an upthrust equal to the weight of the displaced fluid.
33
*what is friction? + types
the resistance of the sliding or rolling of one body over another - static and dynamic friction - static > dynamic
34
*what is static friction?
friction that occurs when a body is just about to start moving
35
*what is dynamic friction?
friction that occurs between surfaces of bodies in motion
36
*positive effects of friction
- gives feet, shoes, tyres grip on the ground -used in most braking systems
37
*negative effects of friction
- causes wear and tear of moving parts of machinery - generates unwanted heat in machines
38
*how to reduce friction in machines
- using roller bearings/ball bearings - applying grease/oil
39
what is centre of gravity?
a point on a body where the total mass or weight tends to act
40
what is a moment? + formula, SI unit
the product of force and its perpendicular distance from the pivot moment = force x perpendicular distance from the pivot Nm
41
principle of moments
for a body to be in equilibrium, the sum of clockwise moments about a point must equal to the sum of anticlockwise moments about that same point
42
what is a torque? +Formula, SI unit
this is the moment of a force about a point, which causes rotational motion T = Fd or T = F x r x sinx Nm
43
conditions for equilibrium
1. resultant moment must equal zero 2. resultant force must be zero
44
*what is density? + formula, SI unit
this is mass per unit volume density = mass / volume kgm^-3
45
what is pressure? + formula, SI unit
force acting normally on a surface per unit area pressure = force / area Pa
46
what happens to a stationary liquid in an open container?
pressure: 1. acts equally in all directions 2. increases with depth 3. independent of shape of container
47
properties of liquids in hydraulic systems
1. liquids are virtually incompressible 2. if a trapped liquid is put under pressure, the pressure is uniformly transmitted to all parts of the liquid
48
examples of hydraulic machines
1. car brake system 2. arms and diggers of earth movers 3. hydraulic jacks
49
how to measure: atmospheric pressure gas pressure + commonly used units of pressure
- barometer - manometer bars, atmospheres and mmHg

PHYSICS (5 decks)

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