Book

Question 1

Are inputs of the enviroment the sole driver of learning ?

Answer 1

No.

Examples Felipe and Hellen Keller.

Question 2

What is the 1st and most general definition of learning ?

Answer 2

To form an internal view of the external world

Question 3

What is the mental lexicon ?

Answer 3

A mental dictionary that contains information regarding a word’s meaning, pronunciation and syntactic characteristics(rules of language)

Question 4

What is an essential ingredient of learning ?

Answer 4

Randomness

Question 5

What is Supervised learning?

Answer 5

A supervisor outside the system, knows a solution and tries to teach it to the machine.

Question 6

What did Googles AI optimize ?

Answer 6

It’s servers to save energy

Question 7

Whay is adversarial learning ?

Answer 7

Having two neural networks compete against one another to achieve a winning outcome.

E.g. Chess

Question 8

What is the Curse of dimensionality ?

Answer 8

Learning becomes hard when theres so many choices to be made.

Question 9

If the number of parameters to be adjusted is minimized then..

Answer 9

The system can be forced to find a more general solution

Question 10

What does an AGI recognize in an image?

Answer 10

Basic shape and colour

Question 11

What’s the difference in time between a human and a machine when it comes to learning Atari ?

Answer 11

2 hours and 900 hours respectively.

Question 12

If machines are data hungry then humans are…

Answer 12

Data efficient

Question 13

What types of words do babies generally start learning first ?

Answer 13

Nouns

Question 14

What singular word links familiar nouns that a baby first learns ?

Answer 14

THE

The bottle

The dog

Question 15

What is the mutual exclusivity assumption ?

Answer 15

One name for each thing

Question 16

Who was Rico and what rule did he use ?

Answer 16

Sheep dog. Knew 200 words.

By the mutual exclusivity rule you could ask him to fetch something by a name he wouldnt know providing objects he already knew were also in the room.

Question 17

What is the first component of knowledge ?

Answer 17

A set of prior assumptions

Prior to any interactions of the enviroment.

Question 18

When you encounter real data, you:

Answer 18

Sort out assumptions according to their plausibilty.

This is the 2nd component of knowledge

Question 19

Neurons that fire together…

Answer 19

Wire together

Question 20

Are babies brains well organised ar birth ?

Answer 20

YES

Question 21

What intuitional domains do babies possess at birth

Answer 21

STOPN

Space, Time, Objects, People, Numbers

Question 22

What are the four pillars of learning ?

Answer 22

Attention

Active engagement (algorithm curiosity)

Error feedback

Consolidation (Sleep factor)

Question 23

Attention solves…

Answer 23

information saturation

Question 24

What are the three major attention systems ?

Answer 24

Alerting

Orienting

Executive Attention

Question 26

What common modern acitivity engages our attentional mechanisms ?

Answer 26

Video games Life and death situations. The lack of capacity to concentrate is simply untrue.

Question 27

In short what does alerting do ?

Answer 27

Indicates when to attend and adapt our level of vigilance.

Question 28

A Lion jumps out at you. Which of the attention systems kicks in ?

Answer 28

Alerting Subcortical nuclei immediately increase wakefulness and the vigilance of the cortex. We also learn from this, the next time a lion approaches.

Question 29

What does orienting determine ?

Answer 29

What we attend too

Question 30

What does good teaching require ?

Answer 30

Paying good attention to childrens attention

Question 31

Can we multi task ?

Answer 31

No not efficiently. At least one of the tasks is slowed down or forgotten all together.

Question 32

What evolutionary trait can explain our global success (in part) as a species ?

Answer 32

The ability to share attention with others

Question 33

What is alerting ?

Answer 33

The capacity to maintain a state of preparedness for effortful processing of information

Question 34

What is orienting ?

Answer 34

The ability to focus resources at a particular moment in time in order to optimise behaviour.

Question 35

What is executive attention ?

Answer 35

Our ability to regulate our responses, particularly in conflict situations.

Question 36

what is essential for proper development of vision

Answer 36

Active exploration

Question 37

Engaging in more congnitive effort leads to...

Answer 37

Enhanced retention

Question 38

What is the better learning experience audio or visual ?

Answer 38

Neither However Audio(+)Visual experience is greater than the two.

Question 39

Curiosity pushes...

Answer 39

Animals out of their comfort zones to aquire knowledge.

Question 40

What is known...

Answer 40

Becomes boring.

Question 41

What is the most atural way to learn

Answer 41

By making mistakes

Question 42

Should a teacher punish mistakes ?

Answer 42

No. They should correct and the restore self confidence.

Question 43

Regular testing...

Answer 43

Maximizes long term learning.

Question 44

What's the general rule of Thumb for revision intervals ?

Answer 44

Around 20% of the duration for which you wish to obtain the knowledge. Eg 5 months would 1 month of learning intervals.