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Book Flashcards

1
Q

Are inputs of the enviroment the sole driver of learning ?

A

No.

Examples Felipe and Hellen Keller.

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2
Q

What is the 1st and most general definition of learning ?

A

To form an internal view of the external world

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3
Q

What is the mental lexicon ?

A

A mental dictionary that contains information regarding a word’s meaning, pronunciation and syntactic characteristics(rules of language)

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4
Q

What is an essential ingredient of learning ?

A

Randomness

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5
Q

What is Supervised learning?

A

A supervisor outside the system, knows a solution and tries to teach it to the machine.

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6
Q

What did Googles AI optimize ?

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7
Q

Whay is adversarial learning ?

A

Having two neural networks compete against one another to achieve a winning outcome.

E.g. Chess

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8
Q

What is the Curse of dimensionality ?

A

Learning becomes hard when theres so many choices to be made.

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9
Q

If the number of parameters to be adjusted is minimized then..

A

The system can be forced to find a more general solution

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10
Q

What does an AGI recognize in an image?

A

Basic shape and colour

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11
Q

What’s the difference in time between a human and a machine when it comes to learning Atari ?

A

2 hours and 900 hours respectively.

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12
Q

If machines are data hungry then humans are…

A

Data efficient

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13
Q

What types of words do babies generally start learning first ?

A

Nouns

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14
Q

What singular word links familiar nouns that a baby first learns ?

A

THE

The bottle

The dog

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15
Q

What is the mutual exclusivity assumption ?

A

One name for each thing

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16
Q

Who was Rico and what rule did he use ?

A

Sheep dog. Knew 200 words.

By the mutual exclusivity rule you could ask him to fetch something by a name he wouldnt know providing objects he already knew were also in the room.

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17
Q

What is the first component of knowledge ?

A

A set of prior assumptions

Prior to any interactions of the enviroment.

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18
Q

When you encounter real data, you:

A

Sort out assumptions according to their plausibilty.

This is the 2nd component of knowledge

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19
Q

Neurons that fire together…

A

Wire together

20
Q

Are babies brains well organised ar birth ?

A

YES

21
Q

What intuitional domains do babies possess at birth

A

STOPN

Space, Time, Objects, People, Numbers

22
Q

What are the four pillars of learning ?

A

Attention

Active engagement (algorithm curiosity)

Error feedback

Consolidation (Sleep factor)

23
Q

Attention solves…

A

information saturation

24
Q

What are the three major attention systems ?

A

Alerting

Orienting

Executive Attention

25
Q
A
26
Q

What common modern acitivity engages our attentional mechanisms ?

A

Video games Life and death situations.

The lack of capacity to concentrate is simply untrue.

27
Q

In short what does alerting do ?

A

Indicates when to attend and adapt our level of vigilance.

28
Q

A Lion jumps out at you.

Which of the attention systems kicks in ?

A

Alerting

Subcortical nuclei immediately increase wakefulness and the vigilance of the cortex.

We also learn from this, the next time a lion approaches.

29
Q

What does orienting determine ?

A

What we attend too

30
Q

What does good teaching require ?

A

Paying good attention to childrens attention

31
Q

Can we multi task ?

A

No not efficiently.

At least one of the tasks is slowed down or forgotten all together.

32
Q

What evolutionary trait can explain our global success (in part) as a species ?

A

The ability to share attention with others

33
Q

What is alerting ?

A

The capacity to maintain a state of preparedness for effortful processing of information

34
Q

What is orienting ?

A

The ability to focus resources at a particular moment in time in order to optimise behaviour.

35
Q

What is executive attention ?

A

Our ability to regulate our responses, particularly in conflict situations.

36
Q

what is essential for proper development of vision

A

Active exploration

37
Q

Engaging in more congnitive effort leads to…

A

Enhanced retention

38
Q

What is the better learning experience audio or visual ?

A

Neither

However Audio(+)Visual experience is greater than the two.

39
Q

Curiosity pushes…

A

Animals out of their comfort zones to aquire knowledge.

40
Q

What is known…

A

Becomes boring.

41
Q

What is the most atural way to learn

A

By making mistakes

42
Q

Should a teacher punish mistakes ?

A

No. They should correct and the restore self confidence.

43
Q

Regular testing…

A

Maximizes long term learning.

44
Q

What’s the general rule of Thumb for revision intervals ?

A

Around 20% of the duration for which you wish to obtain the knowledge.

Eg 5 months would 1 month of learning intervals.

45
Q
A

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