Book Flashcards
Are inputs of the enviroment the sole driver of learning ?
No.
Examples Felipe and Hellen Keller.
What is the 1st and most general definition of learning ?
To form an internal view of the external world
What is the mental lexicon ?
A mental dictionary that contains information regarding a word’s meaning, pronunciation and syntactic characteristics(rules of language)
What is an essential ingredient of learning ?
Randomness
What is Supervised learning?
A supervisor outside the system, knows a solution and tries to teach it to the machine.
Whay is adversarial learning ?
Having two neural networks compete against one another to achieve a winning outcome.
E.g. Chess
What is the Curse of dimensionality ?
Learning becomes hard when theres so many choices to be made.
If the number of parameters to be adjusted is minimized then..
The system can be forced to find a more general solution
What does an AGI recognize in an image?
Basic shape and colour
What’s the difference in time between a human and a machine when it comes to learning Atari ?
2 hours and 900 hours respectively.
If machines are data hungry then humans are…
Data efficient
What types of words do babies generally start learning first ?
Nouns
What singular word links familiar nouns that a baby first learns ?
THE
The bottle
The dog
What is the mutual exclusivity assumption ?
One name for each thing
Who was Rico and what rule did he use ?
Sheep dog. Knew 200 words.
By the mutual exclusivity rule you could ask him to fetch something by a name he wouldnt know providing objects he already knew were also in the room.
What is the first component of knowledge ?
A set of prior assumptions
Prior to any interactions of the enviroment.
When you encounter real data, you:
Sort out assumptions according to their plausibilty.
This is the 2nd component of knowledge
Neurons that fire together…
Wire together
Are babies brains well organised ar birth ?
YES
What intuitional domains do babies possess at birth
STOPN
Space, Time, Objects, People, Numbers
What are the four pillars of learning ?
Attention
Active engagement (algorithm curiosity)
Error feedback
Consolidation (Sleep factor)
Attention solves…
information saturation
What are the three major attention systems ?
Alerting
Orienting
Executive Attention
What common modern acitivity engages our attentional mechanisms ?
Video games Life and death situations.
The lack of capacity to concentrate is simply untrue.
In short what does alerting do ?
Indicates when to attend and adapt our level of vigilance.
A Lion jumps out at you.
Which of the attention systems kicks in ?
Alerting
Subcortical nuclei immediately increase wakefulness and the vigilance of the cortex.
We also learn from this, the next time a lion approaches.
What does orienting determine ?
What we attend too
What does good teaching require ?
Paying good attention to childrens attention
Can we multi task ?
No not efficiently.
At least one of the tasks is slowed down or forgotten all together.
What evolutionary trait can explain our global success (in part) as a species ?
The ability to share attention with others
What is alerting ?
The capacity to maintain a state of preparedness for effortful processing of information
What is orienting ?
The ability to focus resources at a particular moment in time in order to optimise behaviour.
What is executive attention ?
Our ability to regulate our responses, particularly in conflict situations.
what is essential for proper development of vision
Active exploration
Engaging in more congnitive effort leads to…
Enhanced retention
What is the better learning experience audio or visual ?
Neither
However Audio(+)Visual experience is greater than the two.
Curiosity pushes…
Animals out of their comfort zones to aquire knowledge.
What is known…
Becomes boring.
What is the most atural way to learn
By making mistakes
Should a teacher punish mistakes ?
No. They should correct and the restore self confidence.
Regular testing…
Maximizes long term learning.
What’s the general rule of Thumb for revision intervals ?
Around 20% of the duration for which you wish to obtain the knowledge.
Eg 5 months would 1 month of learning intervals.
