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Books 8- Driver's Training Manual > Book 8- Driver's Training Manual > Flashcards

Book 8- Driver's Training Manual Flashcards

1
Q

What code assists the safety and legal operation of their apparatus, emergency and non-emergency

A

California Vehicle Code

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2
Q

Who carries the sole responsibility for the safety of themselves, fellow members, and the public in guiding a 20 ton fire apparatus, an ambulance or a sedan through traffic

A

the Driver

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3
Q

What vehicle code sections apply to the LAFD Driver?

A

Sections 21055 and 21056 apply to us, they are only enacted under emergency response

No exemptions exist during non emergency operations

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4
Q

What are the license requirements to operate LAFD apparatus and what certificates are required to obtain the necessary license for driving heavy apparatus?

A

DL 44C - Application for commercial license

DL 170 - Certification of driving experience ( classroom modules/practical driving portion)

DL-51A - Medical Certificate

DMV written exam

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5
Q

What constitutes an accident

A
  1. Anytime Department vehicle is involved in an accident with a third party vehicle or private property
  2. Anytime a Department vehicle is involved in an accident with another Department vehicle or Department property
  3. Anytime a Department vehicle strikes an animal, whether domesticated or non-domesticated
  4. Anytime a privately owned vehicle of a member is involved in an accident during the members tour of duty, when such use is officially authorized
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6
Q

In the event of serious death or injury to a third party notify attorney when

A

within 24 hours, telephone city attorney

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7
Q

In the diesel engine, there is continuous combustion during the entire length of the power stroke, and pressure resulting from combustion remains approximately constant throughout the stroke. Because of these facts, the cycle of the gasoline engine is often referred to as having constant-______ combustion while the diesel cycle is said to have constant-______ combustion.

A

Volume
Pressure

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8
Q

The following limitations must be overcome when a gasoline or diesel engine is used to power apparatus:
The engine must be rotating to develop horsepower.
It rotates in one direction only.
It must be operated within the limits of the effective torque range.

A

reference

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9
Q

The drive train components (also referred to as the power train) allow apparatus to be utilized in a number of capacities. Such as driving, pumping, and aerial ladder operations. The purpose of the power train is to transmit the power of the engine to the drive wheels.

A

reference

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10
Q

By means of the clutch, the operator can harness the power of the engine, by connecting or disconnecting the engine from the power train. This is essential for starting the engine, allowing the vehicle to stand motionless while the engine is running, gradual engagement of the engine to the power train, and for allowing gear ratios to be changed to meet varying road conditions. It is very important that the clutch is not allowed to slip for more than about ____ seconds.

A

1 1/2 seconds

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11
Q

The purpose of the clutch brake is to stop the rotation of the gears in the road transmission. REMEMBER ! THE CLUTCH BRAKE IS DESIGNED-TO STOP THE GEARS IN THE TRANSMISSION WHEN THE CLUTCH PEDAL IS FULLY DEPRESSED.

A

reference

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12
Q

The differential is the unit that allows the axles to turn at different speeds from each other while still pulling the apparatus. As a vehicle is driven around a curve, the outer wheels must travel faster than the inner wheels because they travel further in the same amount of time

A

reference

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13
Q

Gear 1

This is low gear. Use this one when pulling through mud, driving up steep grades or when doing slow maneuvering. (It keeps the RPM up for better power steering control.)

A

reference

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14
Q

DO NOT DOWNSHIFT WHEN THE VEHICLE IS ABOVE THE MAXIMUM SPEED ATTAINABLE IN THE NEXT LOWER GEAR. Use the service brake to slow the vehicle to an acceptable speed where the transmission may be downshifted safely.

A

reference

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15
Q
  1. Under no circumstances allow your apparatus to coast in neutral. When coasting in neutral or being towed with the drive shaft connected, the rear wheels become the driving force, therefore causing the planetary gears in the transmission to overdrive. In addition, coasting in neutral does not allow the engine to help slow the apparatus. (This is an illegal operation.)
A

reference

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16
Q
  1. Improper downhill driving can be-devastating to engine parts. When descending, the driver will often downshift to control speed and to avoid excessive use of the brakes. What actually happens is that the load is pushing the vehicle downhill and the governor cannot control engine speed. The wheels are turning the driveshaft and the engine. Drivers should select a lower gear when descending, remain in that gear at all times and use a combination of brakes and gears to prevent over-speeding the engine.
A

reference

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17
Q
  1. When starting on severe grades, the engine should be accelerated until the converter is in a stall condition before the foot brake is released. This will allow smooth acceleration eliminating any rollback which could damage driveline components and may cause collision with a vehicle behind the apparatus.
A

reference

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18
Q
  1. For safety to your apparatus you shall be completely stopped before changing from a forward gear to reverse or from reverse to a forward gear.
A

reference

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19
Q

An apparatus pre-check should be performed each morning at relief, or any other time during the day when a change of relief is required and after each incident when the apparatus or its equipment is used.

A

reference

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20
Q

Although the transmissions used by the LAFD are true automatic transmissions they will give much better performance, smoother operation, and more longevity if they are operated as if they were a “clutchless” manual shift transmission.

A

reference

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21
Q

In traffic stay in the highest gear that allows the apparatus to keep up with traffic and still have some power in reserve for acceleration. When cruising choose a gear that will cruise the engine at ___ to ___ RPM lower than the ninety percent speed. This reduces engine wear, power losses caused by the fan drive-line, and accessories, noise, and fuel consumption.

A

200 to 300 RPM

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22
Q

The clutch has only two uses. First, it must be slipped to get the apparatus rolling from 0 MPH to the speed at which the engine is at idling RPM. Second, to disconnect the engine from the drive train while shifting gears.

A

reference

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23
Q

Automobile accident report (to city attorney)

A

Form General 88

anytime a person or property, inlacing domesticated animals, is involved, or when any member sustains injury, due to a vehicular accident, even if no third party is involved

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24
Q

Witness Card

A

Form General 84B

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25
Q

Red letterhead form

A

F-225

any accident where FD property only is involved and there are no injuries. Also when involved w/ non-domesticated animals

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26
Q

Accident report

A

F-150

made by LAFD investigating officer, who is usually a Battalion Chief from a nearby battalion

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26
Q

Stores requisition

A

F-80

any accident involving damage to apparatus, no matter how slight

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27
Q

Pressure developed by the compression stroke is much greater in the diesel engine, in which pressures as high as ___ p.s.i.

A

500 psi

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28
Q

At the top of the compression stroke (when pressure is highest), the temperature in the chamber will be about ____ F

A

1000

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29
Q

The flywheel stores up energy of rotation when the instantaneous torque on the crankshaft is greater than average, and releases this energy when the torque is less than average.

A

reference

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30
Q

By means of the clutch, the operator can harness the power of the engine, by connecting or disconnecting the engine from the power train. This is essential for starting the engine, allowing the vehicle to stand motionless while the engine is running, gradual engagement of the engine to the power train, and for allowing gear ratios to be changed to meet varying road conditions.

A

reference

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31
Q

It is very important that the clutch is not allowed to slip for more than about ___ seconds. When a clutch is slipped excessively the heat will quickly build up and damage the clutch assembly.

A

1 1/2 seconds

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32
Q

The purpose of the clutch brake is to stop the rotation of the gears in the road transmission. A clutch brake consists of two stationary members, two fiber discs, and a revolving member. The revolving member is attached to the transmission input shaft (Page 10). Full depression of the clutch pedal brings the clutch release bearing housing into contact with the other members of the clutch brake,, thus, producing a squeezing or clamping effect upon the rotating input shaft of the transmission. This stops the road transmission gears and enables the operator to engage a forward or reverse gear without grinding of the transmission gears.

A

reference

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32
Q

Torque is a force which will rotate or twist an object such as a shaft. Gears can be used to increase or decrease the amount of torque. When a small gear drives a larger gear, the result is an increase in torque. Just the opposite occurs when a large gear drives a smaller gear, the torque is reduced. If a gear with ten teeth drives a gear with twenty teeth, the driven gear will turn at one half the speed of the driving gear and produce twice the torque. This principle is applied in series in the automotive transmission (Page 14)

A

reference

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33
Q

The following limitations must be overcome when a gasoline or diesel engine is used to power apparatus: The engine must be rotating to develop horsepower. It rotates in one direction only. It must be operated within the limits of the effective torque range.

A

reference

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34
Q

The torque converter serves two primary functions. First, it acts as a fluid coupling to smoothly connect engine power through oil to the transmission gear train. Second, it multiplies the torque, or twisting effort, from the engine when additional performance is desired.

A

reference

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35
Q

Transmission Torque Converter The converter consists of 3 elements: Pump, stator and turbine. The converter provides maximum torque when load conditions demand. oil for converter charging pressure comes from the sump and is supplied by the transmission oil pump.

A

reference

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36
Q

With the engine operating at full throttle, transmission in gear, and the vehicle standing still, the converter is capable of multiplying engine torque by approximately 2.2 to 1.

A

reference

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37
Q

The lockup clutch consists of a single clutch plate, back plate and piston located between the converter turbine assembly and the transmission flywheel assembly (or converter drive housing), The lockup clutch plate is splined to the hub of the converter turbine assembly. Then the lockup clutch is applied, the turbine and the converter pump are locked together and rotate as a unit. Engine output is then directed to the transmission gearing at a speed ratio of 1:1; bypassing the torque converter. Lockup occurs in all forward gears, but not in reverse or neutral.

A

reference

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38
Q

The planetary gear train is made up of four (4) constant mesh, straight spur gear planetary sets. The forward set is arranged for direct drive and is called the splitter planetary. The three rear sets are intermediate- low-, and reverse-range planetaries. By the engagement of the clutches in various combinations, the planetary sets act singly or together to provide four (4) forward speeds and one (1) reverse.

A

reference

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39
Q

A single, pressurized hydraulic system serves the converter and transmission. Oil for the hydraulic operations, lubrication and cooling comes from the sump and is supplied by the same pump. Although your ALLISON Transmission is rugged in design, certain precautions and procedures must be follows to insure long, trouble-free service.

A

reference

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40
Q

flexible coupling between two shafts that permits one shaft to drive another at an angle to it. This unit is necessary to provide flexibility in the power train as the vehicle travels over uneven surfaces

A

universal joints

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41
Q

As the vehicle travels over uneven ground, the distance between the transmission and the rear- end varies. A slip joint provides the necessary telescopic action in the drive line. It consists of a male and a female spline, a grease seal, and a lubrication fitting. The male spline is an integral part of the propeller shaft and the female portion is fixed to the universal joint.

A

reference

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42
Q

Also known as Drive shaft, or Drive line. This device carries the torque from the transmission to the rear-end. This shaft may be solid or tubular type. The stress in the shaft varies from zero at the axis to a maximum at the outside. Since the center of the shaft resists only a small portion of the load, hollow shafts are used whenever practicable. A solid shaft is stronger than a hollow shaft of the same diameter, but a hollow shaft is stronger than a solid shaft of the same weight.
Most pumping apparatus have the main pump mounted between the transmission and the rear- end, therefore, two drive shafts are required. One between the road transmission and the front of the pump transmission, and one from the rear of the pump transmission to the rear-end. Each have universal joints and a slip joint.

A

reference

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43
Q

Final Drive
Its function is to change the direction of the power that is transmitted by the propeller shaft through 90 degrees to the driving axles. At the same time it provides a gear reduction (Page 24). A final drive consists of a pair of bevel gears. These bevel gears may be spur, spiral, or hypoid spiral. Hypoid Spiral-bevel gears are commonly used because they operate more quietly and the pinion gear drives the ring gear below the center line of the axle thereby lowering the propeller shaft to give more body clearance.
The bevel drive pinion is driven by the propeller shaft and the bevel ring gear is attached to the differential case that drives the axles. A common final drive ratio for L.A.F.D. apparatus is, 4.11 to 1, That is approximately four revolutions of the propeller shaft to one revolution of the gearwheels

A

reference

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43
Q

The differential is the unit that allows the axles to turn at different speeds from each other while still pulling the apparatus. As a vehicle is driven around a curve, the outer wheels must travel faster than the inner wheels because they travel further in the same amount of time (Page 25). If one wheel is stopped, the other wheel will rotate twice as fast, if one wheel looses traction such as spinning in mud or braking an axle, the other wheel will not spin at all. This is due to the spider pinion gears in the differential case that drive the axles only if they have resistance on both axles. If one axle is broken, the resistance to that wheel is gone so, that axle will spin freely and the other axle will not spin at all

A

reference

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44
Q

A live axle is one that supports part of the weight of the vehicle and also drives the wheels connected to it. The term is applied to the entire assembly, which consists of a housing containing a bevel drive pinion gear, a bevel drive ring gear, a differential, axles and bearings. The term “live axle” is opposed to the term “dead axle”. A dead axle is one that carries part of the weight of the vehicle but does not drive the wheels.
The live axle assembly is commonly mounted on leaf type springs that run parallel to the frame (Page 23). The leaf springs take up some of the shock load that is produced when the power is applied to the wheels. Most live axles use the Hotchkiss type drive. In this type of drive the open propeller shaft is used with two universal joints and a slip joint.

A

reference

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45
Q

Primary control of the transmission is exercised by means of a range selector lever or shifting quadrant, adjacent to the driver’s position. Select the range which is consistent with traffic and road conditions. Selection of the correct gear range provides better control; it also avoids undue “gear hunting” by the transmission, especially at light or part throttle operation (this occurs when the gear selector is in too high a gear for the conditions encountered.)

A

reference

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46
Q

If push rod travel is the same or greater than the figure given on the chart for “maximum push rod travel,” request a brake adjustment by notifying the Shops. Slack adjuster lever should never go beyond __.

A

90

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47
Q

BRAKES HYDRAULIC: (Engine shutdown) Light apparatus inspect master cylinder for proper fluid level and leaks. Inspect lines and hose for leaks. Test brakes for need of adjustment. After vehicle has been idle for several minutes, push the brake pedal down as far as it will go. If the pedal travels more than halfway between the released position and the floor, call Shops for anadjustment. Upon completion of the above test for fluid by-passing in master cylinder by applying brake with about 30% of normal pressure for a period of 1-1/2 to 2 minutes. If pedal depresses to floor, request inspection by mechanic.

A

reference

47
Q

If belt tension is loose enough to allow ___” or more deflection, measured at point midway between pulleys, call Shops for adjustment.

A

1/2”

48
Q

TIRES: Measure tread depth at the center of the tire tread with the approved tire tread depth gauge. This is an accurate measuring device calibrated in increments of 1/32”. A reading on the gauge where the black line under the number four (4) is visible above the top of the plastic collar would indicate a tread depth of __” or less and should be reported on the F-377 as needing replacement. Other methods of determining tire tread depth should be avoided. (Refer to Tire Replacement Policy and Criteria in the log book “Tire” Section.)

A

1/8”

49
Q

Apparatus lubrication, oil and oil filter changes shall be made as follows: Heavy Apparatus: (___ cubic inches or over) shall be lubricated and receive an oil change at ______ miles or ___ months, whichever occurs first. The oil filter shall be changed every __ months.

A

465
2000 miles
four
12 months

Volume 3 *oil change every 4,000 miles

50
Q

RESERVE HEAVY APPARATUS: Lubricate and change oil at ____ miles or __ months, whichever occurs first. Change oil filter every __ months.

A

2,000 miles
6 months
12 months

51
Q

Brake Fade
Improper use or excessive braking will cause the brakes to heat up. “Brake fade” is one of the worst consequences of heat due to excessive, braking. As heat builds up, the lining on the brake shoes begin to melt. As it melts, it turns to liquid that lubricates the space between the shoes and the drum causing the brake drums to glaze. This same heat will cause the drums to expand causing the brake shoes to travel farther to reach the brake drum. It will be necessary to increase pedal pressure in order to stop or slow the vehicle.

A

reference

52
Q

Drum Brakes VS. Disc Brakes
Modern day emergency vehicles may have drum brakes, disc brakes or a combination of both systems. Drum brakes are much more susceptible to brake fade due to the fact that most of the total drum surface is in contact with the brake shoes at any one time. Pads on a disc brake system make contact with a small percent of the disc surface, therefore allowing a major percent of the disc to be cooler. Disc brake systems actually become more efficient as they get hot and expand, making better contact with the pads.

A

reference

53
Q

Brake Lag
Most heavy vehicles use air brakes rather than hydraulic or mechanical brakes. In an air brake system, compressed air furnishes the force that applies the brakes. Depressing the brake pedal opens a valve that releases compressed air from a tank. The pressurized air reaches the rakes through the air lines and forces the brake shoes against the brake drum (or-brake pads against the disc). Depending on the type of vehicle, it will take between __ to __ second for the air to reach the brakes after you press the foot pedal. This lag means you have to start braking a little earlier than would be required in a vehicle with hydraulic or mechanical brakes.

A

1/4 to 1 second

54
Q

average weight of a triple is __ tons

A

16 tons

weight has increased due to 500 gallon tanks

*Truck= 24 tons

55
Q

average height of a triple is __ feet

A

10 feet

56
Q

average width for triples

A

9 feet, 9 inches

*almost 10 feet

57
Q

average length of a triple is

A

27 feet

58
Q

Modern fire apparatus are now equipped with more powerful engines of approximately ___ horsepower.

A

445 horsepower

59
Q

Modern traffic situations dictate that Fire Department apparatus drivers possess both driving skill and proper attitude in order to drive safely and professionally. Of the two, attitude is the most important component.

A

reference

60
Q

Safe driving can be broken down into three basic categories, with good attitude making up __ percent of safe driving practices.

A

60

61
Q

safe driving broken into three categories

A
  1. safe vehicle
  2. good physical condition of driver
  3. good attitude
62
Q

Studies show that in __ to __ percent of all vehicle accidents, emotional disturbance is a contributing cause. Safe driving must be a habit that won’t vary with your emotions!

A

80 to 90

63
Q

However, there are at least five important factors, other than mechanical skills, that make expert driving a challenge:
The power and limitations of the vehicle The physical features of roads and streets The behavior of other highway users Changing light and weather conditions The make-up of the driver

A

reference

64
Q

Defective color vision is about _ times as frequent in men as women.

A

5

65
Q

erception time is the time from sighting a situation to the time that you recognize the situation. As an average, it is considered that perception time is approximately ___ of a second.

A

3/4

66
Q

Reaction time - is the time a situation arises to the time the driver identifies the hazard, predicts its influence, decides on an action, and begins executing that action. This is considered REACTION TIME.
For the alert driver, reaction time is about __ of a second.

A

3/4

67
Q

Smith System

A
  1. Aim high in steering
  2. Get the big picture
  3. Keep your eyes moving
  4. Leave yourself an out
  5. Make sure they see you
68
Q

A good rule of thumb to help determine how far away to stop from the vehicle in front of you, is to be able to see the rear tires of the car in front.

A

reference

68
Q

Total stopping distance is determined by three factors?

A

Vehicle braking
Perception time
reaction time

68
Q

members driving heavy apparatus should be concerned about emergency stops of apparatus traveling over __ miles per hour.

A

30

69
Q

following distance

A

three vehicle lengths for every 10 miles per hour for heavy apparatus

70
Q

three second rule following distance

A

By using the three second rule the driver allows the rear bumper of the vehicle in front to pass a stationary object and then counts off three seconds. If the front of your vehicle passes the object before three seconds, you are driving TO CLOSE.

4 second rule for wet pavement

71
Q

Although night driving may seem routine to many drivers, night driving under any weather condition is more dangerous. While only 30% of all accidents happen at night, 47% of all fatal accidents occur at night.

A

reference

72
Q

Lights can be used on the high beam position to facilitate night vision, but they must be dimmed at least __ feet ahead of an approaching vehicle and __ feet behind a vehicle you are following. Additionally, use of your bright lights will actually mask sight of your emergency lights if responding emergency.

A

500
300

72
Q

Driving in twilight is actually more dangerous then night driving. Almost_____ of all motor vehicle accidents occur between hours of 4 p.m. and 8 p.m.
Twilight is that condition which occurs twice a day. First thing in the morning and when the sun sets at nightfall. It is during the evening twilight that it is most dangerous to drive, since the light is continuously diminishing.
When driving in the twilight use your sun visor to aid in shielding your eyes from the sun’s brilliance. Do not wear sunglasses during sunset.
Since visibility is reduced during twilight, the driver must slow down and allow extra time for recognition and reaction to hazards. Department members must exercise proper visual habits and be especially watchful for pedestrians during the twilight periods.

A

1/3

73
Q

Fog is an interesting phenomenon that greatly reduces visibility one of the most frightening affects of fog is the distortion it causes in depth perception. Tests have shown that an object at 15 yards will appear to be 30 yards away in fog.

A

reference

74
Q

In fog, headlights should be used but only on low beams.

A

reference

75
Q

It is interesting to note that when a rain first begins, accidents increase dramatically during the first half-hour. Extremely slick conditions usually last for approximately one-half to three-quarters of an hour after the rain begins and then tapers off to a point where the wet street is only twice as slick as it would be if it were dry. This is due to the fact that within this period, the rain has had time to wash off any accumulation of dirt, fine rubber dust, and oil form the road surface.

A

reference

76
Q

Although backing doesn’t seem difficult for most drivers, it often results in an avoidable accident. Nationwide, with rescue ambulances alone, backing accidents account for __ percent of all single-vehicle collisions.

A

85

77
Q

One member shall be positioned as a safety spotter in the most advantageous position (on or off side) outside of the apparatus hazard zone. Hazard zone is defined as the area __ feet behind the apparatus and _ feet to each side of the apparatus while the apparatus is moving backwards.

A

15
3

78
Q

As you are responding, never drive “over your head” or faster than you can safely operate the vehicle. Remember, speed is the largest single factor in total stopping distance. If you double your speed, perception-reaction distance is doubled and braking distance will be about four times as great.

A

reference

79
Q

The NUMBER ONE RULE OF EMERGENCY DRIVING is to leave yourself an “out” at all times. This will allow you to avoid an impending accident.

A

reference

80
Q

Tall buildings, hills, winding roads, blind intersections or heavy brush will reduce siren audibility by as much as two-thirds.

A

reference

81
Q

A wet concrete roadway will require approximately __% to __% more stopping distance than dry concrete roads.

A

35-40

82
Q

the air compressor must cut-in no lower than __ psi

A

85

83
Q

Check air compressor governor cut-out pressure Run the engine at a fast idle. The air governor will cause the compressor to cut-out at 130 psi max. (Normal acceptable cut-out range is from 110 to 120 psi). The air pressure shown by the gauge(s) will stop rising.
Test air leakage rate With a fully-charged system (typically 125 psi), turn off the engine, release all brakes and then apply full steady pressure to the brake pedal (brake on) and hold (for one full minute). After the initial pressure drop, the air pressure should not fall more than:
- 3 psi in one minute for single vehicles, or
- 4 psi in one minute for combination vehicles.

A

reference

84
Q

Test low pressure warning signal With the engine off, low pressure warning device must activate between __ and __ psi.

A

55 and 75

85
Q

Hydraulic Brake Check
Pump the brake pedal three times, then apply firm pressure to the pedal and hold for five seconds. Pedal should not move.

A

reference

86
Q

STALE GREEN LIGHT
What is a stale green light and how can you tell if it’s a stale green light ahead? A stale green light is a light that’s been green long enough to be ready to pop yellow and then quickly red. Knowing far enough in advance of the impending change allows you to respond in a smooth,
timely, and safe manner.
How can you tell, as you approach a light-controlled intersection, if the green light is stale? There are a number of indications:
1) you notice when the light first went green and you were some distance back (elapsed time);
2) the pedestrian signal changes from WALK (solid white) to DON’T WALK (flashing orange) – pedestrians walking at, say 2-1/2 to 3-1/2 mph take 10 times as long to clear the intersection as cars going 25 to 35 so pedestrians are stopped earlier in the phasing;
3) notice the speed of traffic moving through the intersection ahead – if traffic is moving at a high uniform rate of speed, their light is a stale green;
4) notice the spacing of traffic moving through the intersection ahead – traffic at a fresh green light tends to be closely bunched, bumper to bumper;
5) notice whether traffic waiting out the red light is building up – there will be more as the red light gets more stale (even pedestrians), i.e., their stale red is your stale green;
6) notice whether traffic is able to turn left (except where there is a left turn arrow) as this usually occurs well into the stale green light – and on into the yellow and occasionally the fresh red signal.
The combination of these indications, especially #1, tells you when you have a stale green light.

A

reference

86
Q

STALE RED LIGHTS (too)
Especially now that while we continue to suffer the expensive consequences of high-cost fuel, it’s appropriate to use not only the stale green light but also the stale red light. As we approach a red traffic light we should modify our approach speed in order to plan our arrival at the intersection when the light will have changed back to green. Charging up to an intersection doesn’t change the light in our (fuel-efficient) favor. It only advertises our lack of planning and professionalism.
You can’t change the timing of the lights but you can change just when you’ll arrive at the intersection. And freeing yourself from over-concentrating on lights allows you to drive more relaxed and use the free time for safety checks.

A

reference

87
Q

At less than 30 m.p.h. (if you carry 24 pounds pressure in passenger car tires), your front tires begin to lose contact with the pavement. At around 50 m.p.h., they’re lifted up on a tough film of water and only the outer ribs are touching.
At about 55 m.p.h., your front tires lose all contact. Hydroplaning may begin when you can hear your wheels splashing in_____ inch of water or more.

A

1/5

88
Q

Most new tires have deep tread grooves through which water pressure can escape. Most new treads are about eleven-sixteenths inch deep. Measure yours; if the mid-treads are worn 80 percent or to about one-eighth inch - either buy new tires or get off the road until the hard rain stops.

A

reference

89
Q

Traffic accidents are the leading cause of accidental death in the United States. They claimed more than 46,200 lives in 1984. As of December, 1984, approximately 2,400,000, persons in the United States have died since the first recorded motor vehicle death.

A

reference

90
Q

Driver error is still the major cause of traffic accidents and accounts for approximately __% of all traffic accidents.

A

72%

91
Q

three functions of spring brakes

A
  1. eliminate run away trucks if left unattended and air in system leaks below effective holding pressure
  2. emergency means of stopping truck when service air system failure occurs
  3. spring action may be used for parking or as a hill holder

In case of service brake air system failure, the springs apply brakes automatically when brake air pressure is reduced to approximately 60 p.s.i . or less. Since spring action is applying brakes the stopping distance is greater.

92
Q

to aim high in steering, look at least __ seconds ahead

A

5 seconds

93
Q

Accidents on duty priority list

A
  1. safety of people
  2. assist the injured
  3. call for help
  4. the city’s liabilities
94
Q

Driver’s training program developed by

A

in service training & drivers training committee

95
Q

Driver’s training program should be completed how often

A

once a year

96
Q

Phase I

A

station study program

8 class room modules
AOTM ch 3, 4, 22

97
Q

Phase II

A

driving rodeo
if you don’t pass, retest in 3 months

98
Q

Drinking and driving is a factor in __ of all fatal accidents

A

50%

99
Q

use of convex mirrors greatly _____ blind spots

A

reduce

100
Q

Do not wear ___ at sunset

A

sunglasses

101
Q

During rain the first ___ minutes accidents increase dramatically

A

30 minutes

*road slick for the first 30-45 minutes

102
Q

during fog, focus only how many feet ahead

A

10 feet

103
Q

any speed over __ mph it is unlikely the brake will stop you quickly enough to avoid collision

A

5 mph

104
Q

spotting and placement of apparatus is joint responsibility of

A

drivers
tiller man
officer

105
Q

skidding is a major factor in __ out of every __ serious accidents

A

1 out of every 4

106
Q

Tillerman should look at least __ block ahead of truck

A

1/2

107
Q

When following other vehicles on wet roadways, keep at least two vehicle lengths distance for every ten miles per hour of speed between your apparatus and vehicles in front of you.

A

reference

108
Q

All the following are safe driving distances 3 second rule 4 second rule when wet 3 vehicles for every 10 mph

A

reference

109
Q

Safety belts are now available to almost all passenger car occupants. According to National Highway Traffic Safety Administration studies, safety belts are ___ to ___ percent effective in preventing fatalities and injuries.

A

50 to 65%

110
Q

Tread depth: Check for minimum tread depth (4/32 of steering axle tires, 2/32 on all other tires).

A

reference

111
Q

A rapid collision avoidance maneuver cannot be done efficiently if the driver has to move his hands on the wheel. For this reason, it is recommended that the hands be properly placed at the nine and three positions before the maneuver is attempted.

A

reference

112
Q

apparatus are plugged in and maintaining engine coolant temperature above ___ degrees F.

A

120

113
Q

Engine Tune-up, every-12,000 miles. 2. Transmission maintenance, every 20,000 miles. Appointments should be made approximately ___ miles before the actual mileage is recorded on the odometer.

A

500

114
Q

check the engine oil level. This should be done while the engine is warm, but at least ____ minutes after the engine is shut down. Oil level should be maintained to capacity as indicated on dip stick. It is just as important not to overfill or have too much oil, as it is to have too little. Both high and low levels can cause aeration, that could lead to serious engine damage.

A

5

115
Q

Through proper action, most collisions can be avoided. There are three things a driver can do to avoid a collision: Braking Accelerating Steering out of the way

A
  1. Braking
  2. Accelerating
  3. steering out of the way
116
Q

Avoid prolonged idling . If the delay is more than ___ minute, turn off the engine . The recommended time for warming up an engine is ___ seconds to ___ minute.

A

one
30 to 1

Books 8- Driver's Training Manual (1 decks)

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