Book 6: Topic 4 Flashcards
What is biological diversity?
Reflected in:
The vast number of species of organisms.
The variation of individual characteristics within a single species.
The variation of cell types with a single multicellular organism.
What is the cause for differences between species?
Genetic differences.
What is the cause for differences between individuals within a species?
The result of genetic factors, environmental factors or a combination of both.
What is a locus?
The particular site on a DNA molecule where a gene is located.
What does the genetic code, carried by the base sequence of each gene, determine?
The sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis.
The genetic code is the same in all organisms, what does this provide evidence for?
Evolution.
What can cause genetic diversity within a species?
Gene mutation, chromosome mutation or random factors associated with meiosis and fertilisation.
What results in species becoming better adapted to their environment?
Genetic diversity acted upon by natural selection.
What can be used to measure variation within a species?
Differences in the base sequence of DNA or the amino acid sequence of proteins.
What can be used to measure biodiversity within a community?
Species richness and an index of diversity.
What are prokaryotes?
Unicellular organisms that do not develop or differentiate into multicellular forms.
In what way do some bacteria grow?
In filaments or masses of cells. (Each cell in the colony is identical and capable of independent existence).
Why might prokaryotic cells be adjacent to one another?
They did not separate after cell division or they remained enclosed in a common sheath/slime, secreted by the cells. (Typically, there is no continuity or communication between the cells).
Where are prokaryotes capable of inhabiting?
Almost every place on earth.
How are prokaryotes distinguished from eukaryotes?
On the basis of nuclear organisation, specifically their lack of a nuclear membrane.
Other than a nuclear membrane, what else do prokaryotes lack that distinguish them from eukaryotes?
Any intracellular organelles and structures.