Book 29 Water utilities Flashcards
Gravity Systems
use a source of water such as a lake or reservoirs that is at a higher elevation than a municipality
A height of 100 feet will create a pressure of ___
43 psi
.433 psi per foot of elevation
Pump systems
when a source of water is below or at the same elevation as a municipality or cannot naturally provide sufficient pressure through adequate elevation.
Los Angeles uses a combination system to an average of _____
600 million gallons of water per day to 4 million people
Percentage of water from the Sierra Nevada?
75%
Percentage of water from wells within the San Fernando Valley?
15%
Percentage of water from the Metropolitan Water District which supplies water from the colorado river and state water project (Sacramento and Feather rivers)
10%
Trunk lines carry water from a ______.
primary source to mains within a distribution system
Trunk lines can vary from ____? and are constructed from?
36 inches to 10 feet in size and are constructed from iron or concrete.
Mains normal run beneath a street and parallel to a curb and can vary from ______ and are constructed from ____?
2 to 72 inches in size and are constructed from iron pipe.
Mains can be _____ to from loops that allow shutting down a specific main for repairs
cross connected.
Water is deliver to individual structures by a combination of ______ and _____ lines
service and customer
Service lines run between a _____ and a _____
a main and a water meter.
Service line can vary from _____ and are constructed from _____
1/2” to 12” inches and are constructed from iron, copper, galvanized or plastic pipe.
Water ultility companies are normally responsible for maintenance and repair of
water metering device and shut off valves on either side of a water metering device.
Building owners are normally responsible for
plumbing from the shut-off valve and into a structure.
Water service systems are comprised of 4 components:
shut off valves, water meters and detector check valves and a pressure reducing valves.
A meter box, vault or manhole often has a centerpiece or lid with a hole that can be utilized to remove the cover. The centerpiece identifies the type of utility with the words?
WATER/ DWP/ LA Water/ LA DWP WATER or CITY WATER METER
The centerpiece or lid is often marked with _____ paint
Blue
Non-indicating valves. These valves do not indicated __________ and are characterized by a ______.
an open or closed position and characterized by a ball or cone valves and gates.
A ball or cone valve has a ________. When the valve is closed, the valve nut is _____ to the valve.
rectangular valve nut attachment / perpendicular
Indicating type valve.
These valves indicate an open or closed position and are characterized by ___
outside stem and yoke (OS&Y) valves and Post indicator valves (PIV)
Water meters are used to
calculate water usage.
Check valves are utilized to allow the flow of water in ______
one direction only.
Water meters vary in sizes from
1/2” to 10” inches
Compound Meter is used to
calculate water usage for domestic water services that can use low and high water flows.
During low water flows, a compound meter operates as a
standard water meter
If high flows are necessary with compound meters, a check valve ______
opens are allows the passage of large flows that are metered separately
Compound meters are _____ and are normally found directly _____ to shut off valves
4 inches / adjacent
Detector Check Valve with By-pass meter is used
to supply water for a closed fire protection system.
Detector Check Valve with By-pass meter. In the closed position, the check valve
prevents water from flowing back into a water distribution system.
Detector check valves can vary in size from ____
2” to 10” inches
In warm climates, water meters can be place just ____, and pressure reduction valves, shut off vales and detector check valves can be located ______.
below grade level / Above or below grade level.
Domestic water services will normally consist of a ______
1/2 to 2” single water meter with shut-off valve on one or both sides of a meter.
Water service for a domestic sprinkler system will normally by a ____ that is located in a ____
2” detector check valve / located in a separate vault.
Hotels: domestic water and fire protection services are provided by a combination water service that provides domestic water with a ______and water for fire protection with a _____
4” to 6” inch water meter / 4” to 8” detector check valve.
Hotels: The water meter and detector check valves can be in the _____
same vault, separate vaults or above ground.
Apartments: Domestic water will normally consist of _______ and _______ with a shut off valve on one or both sides of the meter
1” to 3” inch customer lines and a single 1” to 3” water meter
Apartments: Water service for fire protection will vary between ______
2” to 4” inches
Apartments: Water services for domestic water and fire protection are in ______
separate below ground values or located above ground.
Apartments: a common alternative to a single 1” to 3” water meter is a _____
3” equivalent water service
Apartments: system consist of
two 2” inch water meters in adjacent vaults that are connected by a single 3” inch customer line.
Apartments: If a structure has Dorothy Mae Sprinklers…
a separate 2” inch fire service vault is used.
Commercials: Water services are not primarily based on the size of a structure but will depend of the ____
water requirements of a structure.
Commercials: a commerical occupancy with multiple occupancies can be serviced with water for a domestic water service by a ______ for an entire building or by mulitiple, ______ which can supply each individual occupancy
by a single water meter / 1” to 2” inch water meters in separate vaults.
Commercials: _____ water meter for domestic water service and ____ detector check valves for protection in separate vaults.
1” to 2” inch water meter for domestic and 2” to 4” inch detector check valves
Commercials: Combination water service with a _____ water meter for domestic water and _____ detector check valves for fire protection in the same vault. This is used for large water volumes
4” to 8” / 4” to 10”
High Rise: Domestic water and fire protection service is provided by a combination water service that consist of a _______ for domestic and a _____ detector check vales for fire protection in the same vault.
4” to 10” inch water meter and a 4” to 12” inch detector check valves.
Automatic dry pipe system. The pipes are filled with ____
compressed air.
Sprinkler systems are supplied by a (4)
gravity tank, pressure tank, automatic fire pump or a water service system.
4 Sprinkler systems
Automatic Wet, Automatic Dry, Non-Automatic system, Deluge System
Non-automatic system: the pipe are ____. To charge this system with water, it is necessary for FD to _____
maintained dry / FD apparatus to pump into the FDC to supply water to activated heads.
Deluge system: Sprinklers may be ____ and supplied with water by _____
open or closed / a heat actuated valve.
Wet standpipes: designed for occupant use and consists of ____
100’ of 1 1/2” unlined singled jacketed hose with 1/2” straight tip with no shut off.
When closing a ball, cone, or gate valves that are____, it may be necessary to exercise a valve to completely eliminate the flow of water as valves can be come encrusted with _____
3 inches or larger /
rust and scale.
When a stubborn cove valve is encountered, slightly loosen the nut on the bottom of the valve (if accessible) and strike the threaded shaft with a _. This will drive the shaft into the valve and free the valve.
hammer
Ball and cone valves can identified by the lack or presences of a ____ on the bottom of the valve.
Nut / Cone valves do.
Shutting off water to 3/4” to 1” service:
turning valves 90 degrees will eliminate the flow of water.
Shutting off water to 1” to 3” inch equilvant service:
A shut off valve is normally located on both sides of a water meter.
Shutting off water to 4” inch and larger:
Gate valves are located on both sides of a water meter. May be necessary to exercise a valve to completely eliminate the flow off water.
Shutting off water to 4” inch and larger:
Large above ground or underground installations may consist of back flow valves that are inline with the water meter and multiple OS&Y or age vales. Normally DWP should be requested to handle these.
Toilets: in residential can be shut off at the _____ at the wall near the toilet.
Angle valve.
Toilets in commercials: remove a _____ over the relief valve and using a _____ to turn the relief valve screw outward.
cap / a slot head screwdriver
Urinals?
same as toilets
Hot water leaks can normally by eliminated by shutting off the appropriate valve at the water heat or boiler. However remember to ____ to the heater to prevent a possible rupture due to the expanding water in the heater
shut off the gas or electricity to the heater.
Fire protection services:
Sectional shut off or zone valves. Sprinklers can be controlled by using _____. Look for sectional shut off or zone valves instead of shutting off the whole system. This is cause less disruption of the system and speed up the drinking process.
appropriate sprinkler shut-off tool.
Fire protection services: 2” service. A shut off valve is normally located adjacent to a detector check valve. Turning this valve ____ will eliminate the flow of water past this service.
90 degrees.
Fire protection services: 4” or larger service: turn valve in ____ to close valve. The valve will visually indicate the position of the valve by an arrow or display which states _____
Clockwise direction / “OPEN” or “SHUT”
Fire protection services: OS&Y valves are turned _______ so the stem is _____ to stop the flow of water.
clockwise so the stem is not visible.
Sheared Hydrant: a fire hydrant gate valve is normally found in ______ with the fire hydrant and perpendicular to the curb.
direct line
Sheared hydrant:
A ____ cap usually painted ____ covers access to the gate valve.
six inch diameter usually painted blue
Sheared hydrant: Some gate valve locations are indicated by ____ etched on the _____ curb.
Arrow / adjacent
Fire hydrant gate valve may require _____ to complete a shut down
18-26 full turns
_____ % of all fire hydrant gate valves close in a clockwise direction
98%
