Book 2 (Level 2) Flashcards
(으)ㄹ 거예요
Future tense
1) verbs ending with a vowel are followed with ㄹ 거예요
2) verbs ending with a consonant are followed by 을 거예요
3) Exception- stems already ending with ㄹ are followed only by 거예요
을, 를
을 is used after a noun ending with a consonant.
를 is used after a noun ending in a vowel
Makes the noun the DIRECT OBJECT of the verb of the sentence, meaning that the verbs action will be directly transferred to the noun.
Adding 가 it becomes the SUBJECT of the sentence. Meaning that the verb with be about the noun but there is absolutely no action being directly transferred to the noun. It is easy to predict the verb or adjective (known as a descriptive verb) here as well.
Using 는 the reader will know that the noun will be compared to something else, or that the noun is being brought up in the conversation for the first time.
그리고, 그래서
And/ and then, therefore/ so
하고, (이)랑
하고= and. Used like a particle and attached to a noun without space.
이거하거 이거= this and this
(이) 랑= and. More colloquial and casual. Not used in a formal setting.
빵이랑 우유 샀어요= I bought bread and milk.
그렇지만, 그런데
But, however
그렇지만- “but”
그런데- “but” “however” or “and” depending on the context.
한테, 한테서
“to” someone, from “someone”
한테- “to” someone, “from” someone.
한테서- “from” someone ONLY
These can only be used about people or animals. NOT objects or places.
한시,두시…
Time, counted in native Korean numbers.
개, 명
Counters
noun + number + counter
most counters are counted with native Korean numbers.
개- for things
대- for cars, vehicles, machinery
명- for people
병- for bottles
마리- for animals
권- books
장- paper, pages, tickets
고 있어요
Present progressive.
examples:
1) I am reading a book.
2) what are you watching?
3) he is helping me a lot.
Present progressive
am/are/is -ing = verb stem + 고 있어요
‘밖에 비가 오 있어요 = it is raining outside’
Past progressive
was/were -ing = verb stem + 고 있었어요
‘눈니 오고 있었어요 = It was snowing’
Future progressive
will be -ing = verb stem + 고 있을 거예요
Most present tense everyday conversations don’t use this and use plain present tense.
날짜
Date/ days
Names of months- add the world 월 which means ‘month’ after the corresponding SINO Korean number.
Days of the month- add the SINO Korean number to the Korean word 일 which means day.
What month- 몇 월
What day- 여칠
When referencing a specific day you can use 언제
도 (part 1)- nouns and pronouns
Too, also
I like it, too = 저더 좋아요
도 (part 2) verbs
To use this on verbs, the verb needs to be converted into a noun. The simplest way is by adding 기 to the stem.
verb into noun + 하다
보다- to see
보 + 기 = 보기- to do the act of seeing
보기- 보기도 하다- To also see, to even see
먹다- to eat
먹기도 하다- to also eat, to even eat
만
Only
This is the most basic way to say only, and can be used by adding it after a noun, pronoun or the 기 form of a verb.
조금, 정말, 진짜, 아주, 별로, 전혀
조금- a little, a bit, a little bit (점)
정말- really, truly
진짜- less formal version of 정말
아주- very, quite. Normally used in written form rather than spoken.
별로- not really, not particularly
전혀- not at all
(으)ㄹ 수있다/없다
Can/cannot
Can do conjugation:
-(으)ㄹ 수 있다
보다- to see
보 + ㄹ 수 있다 = 볼 수 있다- can see
먹다- to eat
먹 + 을 수 있다 = 먹을 수 있다- can eat
Cannot do:
(으)ㄹ 수 없다
자다- to sleep
자 + ㄹ 수 없다 =. 잘 수 없다- cannot sleep
잡다- to catch
잡 + 을 수 없다= 잡을 수 없다- cannot catch
Another way to say cannot is to use 못 before a verb. This is used more in SPOKEN Korean
잘하다, 못하다
To be good, poor at
Conjugation
[object] + 을/를 (object marking particle) + 잘하다
= to be [object] well, to be good at [object]
[object] + 을/를 + 못하다
=to do [object] badly, to be bad at [object]
못 하다 with a pause or space in, gives the phrase the meaning of cannot do or unable to do.
잘 못하다 is used to make it softer. “I cant do [object] well”
는 것
Verb stem + 는 것
By changing action verbs into nouns, this form can take many different meanings. Doing something, the act of doing something, the thing which one does, what one does, the fact that one is doing or does something
보다= 보는 것
가다= 다는 것
먹다= 먹는 것
사다= 사는 것
산 것= What one bought
사는 것= What one buys
살 것= What one will buy
먹은 것= What one ate
먹는 것= What one eats
먹을 것= What one will eat
This is the standard form. Often, the form 는 거 is used. This is not used in highly formal situations.
