Bones - the basics Flashcards
what are bones?
living structures formed of connective tissue
which organ governs the bones in Chinese medicine?
the kidney
name the shapes of bones
long, short, flat and irregular
what are sesamoid bones?
bones which are situated with tendons (eg patella and pisiform)
what are wormian bones?
tiny bones found to form part of the suture joints between the flat bones of the cranium (skull)
name the two parts of the skeleton
Axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton
what parts are in the axial skeleton?
skull, vertebrae, ribs, sternum, the sacrum and the coccyx
what parts are in the appendicular skeleton?
the bones which ‘hang off’: the shoulder girdle - scapulae and clavicle, humerus, radius and ulna (arm bones), bones of the wrist and hand, hip bones, leg bones - femur, fibula and tibia, and the bones of the ankle and feet
what makes up the vertebral column?
the vertebrae, the sacrum and the coccyx
what bones is the skull made up of?
plates of flat bones : parietal, occipital, frontal and temporal - complex internal bones (the sphenoid) and bones of the face - the zygomatic bone, the nasal bone, maxilla and the mandible.
name the three parts to the vertebrae
7 cervical vertebrae - C1-7
12 thoracic vertebrae T1 -12
5 lumbar vertebrae L1 -5
what features in common do the three parts of the vertebrae have?
A cylindrical body
A vertebral foramen (hole) through which the spinal cord travels
Pointed bony processes for the attachment of the spinal muscles )spinous and transverse processes
Articular processes which form the joints between adjacent vertebrae
how many pairs of ribs are there?
12 - T1-12
tell me about ribs 1-10
they articulate anteriorly with the sternum
tell me about ribs 11 and 12
they are floating ribs they do not articulate anteriorly
another name for breast bone
sternum
list the breastbone components
manubrium, body of sternum, xiphoid process
name some useful landmarks on the breastbones
the sternal angle
the second rib
xiphisternal joint
tip of the xiphoid
name the pelvic bones
sacrum
coccyx
hip bones (innominate bones)
how are the pelvic bones joined?
they are joined as a ring which protects the deep bowl of the pelvic cavity
how are hip bones joined?
the hip bones are joined at the front at the symphysis pubis and at the back to the sacrum at sacroiliac joints
describe the sacrum
a triangular shaped flat bone made up of 5 fused vertebrae (s1-5). L5 articulates (make a joint) with the top of the sacrum and the coccygeal bones (c1-4) form the tail which articulates at the bottom of the sacrum.
name the bones in the leg
femur, patella, tibia, fibula, the 7 tarsal bones, the 5 metatarsals and the 14 phalanges
name the 7 tarsal bones
talus, calcaneus, navicular, cuboid, 3 cuneiforms
where does the head of the femur articulate
the hip bone at the ball and socket hip joint
what bone is the patella
a sesamoid bone in the tendon of the quadraceps muscle. the tendon inserts into the tibial tuberosity below the knee
what do the condyles of the femur articulate with?
the table like surface of the top of the tibia
describe the shoulder girdle
it supports the musculature of the arm, it include the two shoulder blades (scapulae) they articulate laterally with the clavicles (collar bones)
how do the clavicles articulate
anteriorly and medially with the manubrium
name the arm bones
humerus, radius, ulna, 8 carpol bones (trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate, triquetral, pisiform, lunate, scaphoid, 5 metacarpals and 14 phalanges
