Bones Of Upper Limb Flashcards
1
Q
Clavicle ends
A
Acrominal end and sternal end.
Both covered with cartilage
2
Q
Acrominal end
A
Articulates with acromion (a part of the scapula)
3
Q
Sternal end
A
Articulate with sternum
4
Q
Sternoclavicular joint
A
Articulation of clavicle and sternum occurs here. Ball and socket joint.
5
Q
Acromioclavicular joint
A
Articulation joint b/t the acromion and clavicle plane type joint that permits slinging/ blinding movements.
6
Q
π Membranous ossification
A
Occurs during fetal life like skull.
7
Q
Scapula
A
Located on the back.
Two surface: Anterior subscapular fossa surface & posterior surface
8
Q
Acromion process ( part scapula)
A
Articulates with clavicle.on lateral side.
9
Q
Spine of scapula divide the posterior surface in:
A
Supraspinous & infraspinous fossae
10
Q
Three borders of scapula are
A
Superior, inferior and lateral angle
11
Q
Glenoid cavity π
A
Site of articulation with humerus on the lateral angle.
12
Q
πCoracoid process gives insertion to:
A
Short head of the biceps brachii, coracobranchialis and pectoralis minor
13
Q
Suprascapular notch
A
Bridge by the superior scapular ligament.
Nerves and vessel run by this notch
14
Q
Supraglenoid tubercle give insertion to :
A
The long head of the triceps brachii muscle. Above Glenoid cavity.
15
Q
Clavicle is convex
A
Anteriorly for it medial 2/3
16
Q
Clavicle is concave
A
Anteriorly for its lateral 1/3.
17
Q
Clavicle rupture
A
Defect in ossification
cleidocranial disease
Can break during partum.
18
Q
Humerus articulate with what at its distal end?
A
With radius and ulna
19
Q
Clavicle
A
S shaped bone
Has a Superior and inferior surface
Anterior and posterior border
20
Q
Humerus ends
A
Proximal end- has a head that articulates with glenoid cavity of scapula.
Distal end- articulates with ulna
21
Q
Intertubercular Groove importance
A
A groove through which tendon of long head of the biceps branchii passes through.
22
Q
Radial (spiral) groove content
A
Radial nerve and deep brachial vessels
23
Q
Costoclavicular ligament
A
B/t the 1st rib and clavicle
24
Q
The proximal end of humerus (head) articulates
A
With glenoid cavity of the scapula.
25
Intertubercular groove location and which tendon passes through
B/t greater & lesser trochanter.
| The tendon of the long head of the biceps branchii muscle passes.
26
What passes through Radial groove?
Radial n. & deep brachial vessels
27
Medial epicondyle
Bears ulnar groove, which ulnar nerve passes though
28
Humerus condyles :
1. capitulum- articulates with the head of the radius
| 2. Trochlea- articulates with ulna at the trochlea notch
29
Surgical neck fracture of the humerus leads to
Injury in the axillary nerve.
30
Trauma humerus
Separation of epiphysis. muscle attach may pulled the bones.
31
Olecranon fossa
Olecranon fossa fits in this fossa when elbow is extended.
32
Radial and coronoid fossa
Make space for the edge of the circumference of the head of the radius and the coronoid process of the ulna. When elbow is flexed.
33
Long head of biceps branchii originates from the
Supraglenoid tubercle ( on scapula)
34
Shoulder joint
The capsule of joint ( shoulder joint) is supported by coracohumeral li game to on the superior portion. & the and the three weak glenohumeral ligament.
Coracoacromial ligament -restrict the movement
35
Mov of shoulder
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Abd.
Add
Anteversion or flexion
Retroversion or extension
Lateral and medial rotation
Circumduction of the arms
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36
Radius
Found Laterally in the forearm
37
ulnar notch found at distal end of the radius ( medially) for articulation with
Ulna,
38
Carpal articular surfaces
For articulation with proximal rows of carpal bone. Has many groove for passage of the tendons of various extensor muscles found on the posterior aspect of the distal radius
39
Ulna
Location: medially
40
Trochlea notch
Hooklike structure that Articulates with the trochlea of the distal humerus
41
Radial notch
Articulates with the circumference of the head of the radius.
42
The site of attach. of the brachialis muscle
Ulnar tuberosity
43
Describe abnormal ossification of the clavicle and skull bones
ossification occurs in connective tissue (membranous ossification) The two ends have endochondral ossification which appears in the 2nd decade of life; CCD; can also break with stressful condition during labor.
44
Middle shaft fracture of humerus
injury to radial nerve-cant extend wrist or elbow (wrist drop) extensor muscles are paralyzed
ξξξ
45
Fracture of surgical neck of humerus
| ξξξ
injury to axillary nerve- lose abduction of the arm
46
Fracture of medial epicondyle of humerus
ξξξ
injury to ulnar nerve
47
Fracture of distal part of the shaft of humerus
| ξξξ
injury to medial nerve
48
Describe the dislocation of the shoulder joint dislocation of the stenoclavicular joint
it is rare bc of strength of joint)
49
Colles fracture
falling on the hand with the arm extended, lands on the heel of the extended hand. The radius is fractured posterior displacement giving a dinner fork shape= silver-fork, fracture of the styloid process of the ulna may or may not be present. Iinjuries to the median and ulnar nerves.
Xray= AP & lateral view (can also do oblique view)
50
What is the most common fractured carpal bone?
Scaphoid; 70% of fractures of the carpal group
51
What is the second most common fracture?
Triquetral; accounting 14% of wrist injuries. fractures of any of the remaining carpal bones is comparatively low.
52
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
is a very painful condition of the anterior region of the wrist joint, caused by compression (osteophytes) of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel. Due to hypothyroidism, rheumatoid arthritis, pregnancy (hyptrophy), and amyloidosis (large heart, tongue & hand)
53
Treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome
Oral steroids. Surgical treatment by cutting flexor retinaculum off of median nerve
54
What are some diseases that involve the small joints of the hand?
Arthritis
55
Distal end ulna bears
A head for articulation with the ulnar notch of the distal radius
56
Is in direct contact with carpal bone
Radius
57
Radiocarpal joint /wrist joint
Connections b/t the carpal and radius bone
58
Elbow joints
Synovial joint
Capsule contains 3 joints:the humeroradial, humeroulnar and proximal radioulnar joint.
Collateral ligaments-the medial/ulnar and lateral/radial that restrict the mov.
59
Movement of elbow joint
```
Flexion
Extension
Supination
Pronation
Supination and pronation are assisted by the middle and distal radioulnar joints.
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60
Radioulnar articulation-
Is a pivot joint, head of radius supported by annular ligament.
61
Middle radioulnar joint-
is the interosseous membrane and is a continuous joint.is b/t radius and ulnar.suppination and pronation of forearm.
62
Distal radioulnar joint-
synovial and pivot type joint. Pronation and suppination of the forearm
63
Carpal bones
Location: wrist joint, 2 rows of 4 bones
Bone form a unit called carpal groove( concave on palmar side).
Groove covered by the flexor retinaculum
64
Carpal tunnel content
Flexor retinaculum
| Median Nerves
65
Scaphoid
A carpal bone
Boat shaped
Articulates with the radius superiorly and with neighboring carpal bone inferiority and medially.
66
Smith fracture
also sometimes known as a reverse Colles' fracture or Goyrand-Smith's, is a fracture of the distal radius.It is caused by a direct blow to the dorsal forearm or falling onto flexed wrists, as opposed to a Colles' fracture which occurs as a result of falling onto wrists in extension. Smith's fractures are less common than Colles' fractures.
67
Pulled elbow
Nursemaid's elbow, babysitter's elbow, or pulled elbow is a dislocation of the elbow joint caused by a sudden pull on the extended pronated forearm, such as by an adult tugging on an uncooperative child or by swinging the child by the arms during play. The technical term for the injury is radial head subluxation.occurs when there is a dislocation of the radiocapilellar joint B/t radius and humerus.
68
Deltoid
Action - is abduction of arms up to 90 degrees.
| Inn- axillary nerve
69
Supraspinatus
Action - abductor of arm belongs to rotator cuff muscle group.
Inn- suprascapular nerve(c4-c6)
70
Infraspinatus
Rotator of arm belong s to rotator cuff muscle
| Inn- subcapsular n.C4-C6
71
Teres minor
Lateral rotator belong to the rotator muscle
| Inn- axillary nerve.
72
Rotator cuff muscle group
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SITs
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis
Maintain stability of shoulder joint.
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73
Teres major
Adduction and medial rotation of the arm
Inn-lower subscapular nerve
74
latissimus Dorsi
Involved in medial rotation , extension and addiction of arm by acting on humerus. Involved in coughing and forced expiration.
Inn- thoracodorsal n.(c6,c7c8).
75
Subcapularis m.
Add. & medial rotation
| Inn-Subscapular n.
76
Pectoralis major
Add and medial rotation
| Inn- lateral and medial cord brachial plexus(c5-t1)
77
Pectoralis minor
Pulls scapula forward and downward . Rotates scapula
| Inn- medial pectoral (c8 -t1)
78
Coracobrachialis
Aids in flexion (anteversion) and add. of arms
| Inn- musculocutaneous nerve c5-c7
79
Serratus anterior
Elevation of arm > 90 degrees
Protracts scapula
Accessory muscle during respiration by lifting ribs.
Inn- long thoracic n. C5-c7
80
Winged scapula
A winged scapula (scapula alata) is a skeletal medical condition in which the shoulder blade, or shoulder bone, protrudes from a person's back in an abnormal position. It is a rare condition with the potential to lead to limited functional activity in the upper extremity to which it is adjacent.
81
Muscle involved in winged scapula
scapular winging due to serratus anterior, trapezius, and rhomboid muscle paralysis.
82
Sign and symptoms of axillary nerve injury
Causes
trauma or excessive stress on the nerve over a long period of time
other body structures putting pressure on the axillary nerve, or trapping it against another body part
a penetrating injury, such as a knife or gunshot wound
exceeding a normal range of motion
If you are suffering from AND, you may feel numbness or tingling in the shoulder region. You may experience weakness in the shoulders and have problems with normal physical activities, such as lifting your arms above your head. Difficulty lifting objects can also be a sign of AND.
83
Long head of the biceps branchii
Abductor and medial rotator of the arms , flexion or anteroversion of shoulder joint.
Inn- musculocutaneous c5-c6
84
Short head of the biceps branchii
Add. Of arm anteroversion of shoulder joint.
85
Brachialis
Powerful flexor of the elbow joint
| Inn- musculocutaneous N.
86
Triceps branchii
Strong extensor of the firearm at elbow joint
| Inn-radial n
87
Palmaris longus
Flexes the hand and tenses the palmar aponeurosis.
| Inn- the median n. C6-7
88
Pronator Teres
Pronation of forearm & flexion of elbow
89
Flexor carpi Radialis
Action- palmar flexion and radial abduction of the hand.flexes and pronate elbows
Inn- median n. C6-c7
90
Flexor digitorium superficialis
Flexion of the elbow , the wrist and the fingers.
| Inn- median nerve c7 -t1.
91
Flexor carpi ulnar is
A flexor and adductor of the hand .
| Inn - ulnar nerve (c7 and c8)
92
Flexor pollicis longus
Flexor of terminal phalanx , the thumb.
| Inn- median nerve c8-t1
93
Flexor digitorium profundus.
Flexes wrist mertacarpophalangeal and phalangeal joint.
