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Upper Limbs > Bones Of Upper Limb > Flashcards

Bones Of Upper Limb Flashcards

1
Q

Clavicle ends

A

Acrominal end and sternal end.

Both covered with cartilage

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2
Q

Acrominal end

A

Articulates with acromion (a part of the scapula)

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3
Q

Sternal end

A

Articulate with sternum

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4
Q

Sternoclavicular joint

A

Articulation of clavicle and sternum occurs here. Ball and socket joint.

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5
Q

Acromioclavicular joint

A

Articulation joint b/t the acromion and clavicle plane type joint that permits slinging/ blinding movements.

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6
Q

👀 Membranous ossification

A

Occurs during fetal life like skull.

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7
Q

Scapula

A

Located on the back.

Two surface: Anterior subscapular fossa surface & posterior surface

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8
Q

Acromion process ( part scapula)

A

Articulates with clavicle.on lateral side.

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9
Q

Spine of scapula divide the posterior surface in:

A

Supraspinous & infraspinous fossae

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10
Q

Three borders of scapula are

A

Superior, inferior and lateral angle

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11
Q

Glenoid cavity 👍

A

Site of articulation with humerus on the lateral angle.

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12
Q

👀Coracoid process gives insertion to:

A

Short head of the biceps brachii, coracobranchialis and pectoralis minor

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13
Q

Suprascapular notch

A

Bridge by the superior scapular ligament.

Nerves and vessel run by this notch

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14
Q

Supraglenoid tubercle give insertion to :

A

The long head of the triceps brachii muscle. Above Glenoid cavity.

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15
Q

Clavicle is convex

A

Anteriorly for it medial 2/3

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16
Q

Clavicle is concave

A

Anteriorly for its lateral 1/3.

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17
Q

Clavicle rupture

A

Defect in ossification
cleidocranial disease
Can break during partum.

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18
Q

Humerus articulate with what at its distal end?

A

With radius and ulna

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19
Q

Clavicle

A

S shaped bone
Has a Superior and inferior surface
Anterior and posterior border

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20
Q

Humerus ends

A

Proximal end- has a head that articulates with glenoid cavity of scapula.

Distal end- articulates with ulna

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21
Q

Intertubercular Groove importance

A

A groove through which tendon of long head of the biceps branchii passes through.

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22
Q

Radial (spiral) groove content

A

Radial nerve and deep brachial vessels

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23
Q

Costoclavicular ligament

A

B/t the 1st rib and clavicle

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24
Q

The proximal end of humerus (head) articulates

A

With glenoid cavity of the scapula.

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25
Q

Intertubercular groove location and which tendon passes through

A

B/t greater & lesser trochanter.

The tendon of the long head of the biceps branchii muscle passes.

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26
Q

What passes through Radial groove?

A

Radial n. & deep brachial vessels

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27
Q

Medial epicondyle

A

Bears ulnar groove, which ulnar nerve passes though

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28
Q

Humerus condyles :

A
  1. capitulum- articulates with the head of the radius

2. Trochlea- articulates with ulna at the trochlea notch

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29
Q

Surgical neck fracture of the humerus leads to

A

Injury in the axillary nerve.

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30
Q

Trauma humerus

A

Separation of epiphysis. muscle attach may pulled the bones.

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31
Q

Olecranon fossa

A

Olecranon fossa fits in this fossa when elbow is extended.

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32
Q

Radial and coronoid fossa

A

Make space for the edge of the circumference of the head of the radius and the coronoid process of the ulna. When elbow is flexed.

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33
Q

Long head of biceps branchii originates from the

A

Supraglenoid tubercle ( on scapula)

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34
Q

Shoulder joint

A

The capsule of joint ( shoulder joint) is supported by coracohumeral li game to on the superior portion. & the and the three weak glenohumeral ligament.
Coracoacromial ligament -restrict the movement

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35
Q

Mov of shoulder

A 
Abd. 
Add
Anteversion or flexion 
Retroversion or extension
Lateral and medial rotation 
Circumduction of the arms
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36
Q

Radius

A

Found Laterally in the forearm

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37
Q

ulnar notch found at distal end of the radius ( medially) for articulation with

A

Ulna,

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38
Q

Carpal articular surfaces

A

For articulation with proximal rows of carpal bone. Has many groove for passage of the tendons of various extensor muscles found on the posterior aspect of the distal radius

39
Q

Ulna

A

Location: medially

40
Q

Trochlea notch

A

Hooklike structure that Articulates with the trochlea of the distal humerus

41
Q

Radial notch

A

Articulates with the circumference of the head of the radius.

42
Q

The site of attach. of the brachialis muscle

A

Ulnar tuberosity

43
Q

Describe abnormal ossification of the clavicle and skull bones

A

ossification occurs in connective tissue (membranous ossification) The two ends have endochondral ossification which appears in the 2nd decade of life; CCD; can also break with stressful condition during labor.

44
Q

Middle shaft fracture of humerus

A

injury to radial nerve-cant extend wrist or elbow (wrist drop) extensor muscles are paralyzed


45
Q

Fracture of surgical neck of humerus



A

injury to axillary nerve- lose abduction of the arm

46
Q

Fracture of medial epicondyle of humerus



A

injury to ulnar nerve

47
Q

Fracture of distal part of the shaft of humerus



A

injury to medial nerve

48
Q

Describe the dislocation of the shoulder joint dislocation of the stenoclavicular joint

A

it is rare bc of strength of joint)

49
Q

Colles fracture

A

falling on the hand with the arm extended, lands on the heel of the extended hand. The radius is fractured posterior displacement giving a dinner fork shape= silver-fork, fracture of the styloid process of the ulna may or may not be present. Iinjuries to the median and ulnar nerves.
Xray= AP & lateral view (can also do oblique view)

50
Q

What is the most common fractured carpal bone?

A

Scaphoid; 70% of fractures of the carpal group

51
Q

What is the second most common fracture?

A

Triquetral; accounting 14% of wrist injuries. fractures of any of the remaining carpal bones is comparatively low.

52
Q

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

A

is a very painful condition of the anterior region of the wrist joint, caused by compression (osteophytes) of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel. Due to hypothyroidism, rheumatoid arthritis, pregnancy (hyptrophy), and amyloidosis (large heart, tongue & hand)

53
Q

Treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome

A

Oral steroids. Surgical treatment by cutting flexor retinaculum off of median nerve

54
Q

What are some diseases that involve the small joints of the hand?

A

Arthritis

55
Q

Distal end ulna bears

A

A head for articulation with the ulnar notch of the distal radius

56
Q

Is in direct contact with carpal bone

A

Radius

57
Q

Radiocarpal joint /wrist joint

A

Connections b/t the carpal and radius bone

58
Q

Elbow joints

A

Synovial joint
Capsule contains 3 joints:the humeroradial, humeroulnar and proximal radioulnar joint.
Collateral ligaments-the medial/ulnar and lateral/radial that restrict the mov.

59
Q

Movement of elbow joint

A 
Flexion 
Extension 
Supination 
Pronation
Supination and pronation are assisted by the middle and distal radioulnar joints.
60
Q

Radioulnar articulation-

A

Is a pivot joint, head of radius supported by annular ligament.

61
Q

Middle radioulnar joint-

A

is the interosseous membrane and is a continuous joint.is b/t radius and ulnar.suppination and pronation of forearm.

62
Q

Distal radioulnar joint-

A

synovial and pivot type joint. Pronation and suppination of the forearm

63
Q

Carpal bones

A

Location: wrist joint, 2 rows of 4 bones
Bone form a unit called carpal groove( concave on palmar side).
Groove covered by the flexor retinaculum

64
Q

Carpal tunnel content

A

Flexor retinaculum

Median Nerves

65
Q

Scaphoid

A

A carpal bone
Boat shaped
Articulates with the radius superiorly and with neighboring carpal bone inferiority and medially.

66
Q

Smith fracture

A

also sometimes known as a reverse Colles’ fracture or Goyrand-Smith’s, is a fracture of the distal radius.It is caused by a direct blow to the dorsal forearm or falling onto flexed wrists, as opposed to a Colles’ fracture which occurs as a result of falling onto wrists in extension. Smith’s fractures are less common than Colles’ fractures.

67
Q

Pulled elbow

A

Nursemaid’s elbow, babysitter’s elbow, or pulled elbow is a dislocation of the elbow joint caused by a sudden pull on the extended pronated forearm, such as by an adult tugging on an uncooperative child or by swinging the child by the arms during play. The technical term for the injury is radial head subluxation.occurs when there is a dislocation of the radiocapilellar joint B/t radius and humerus.

68
Q

Deltoid

A

Action - is abduction of arms up to 90 degrees.

Inn- axillary nerve

69
Q

Supraspinatus

A

Action - abductor of arm belongs to rotator cuff muscle group.
Inn- suprascapular nerve(c4-c6)

70
Q

Infraspinatus

A

Rotator of arm belong s to rotator cuff muscle

Inn- subcapsular n.C4-C6

71
Q

Teres minor

A

Lateral rotator belong to the rotator muscle

Inn- axillary nerve.

72
Q

Rotator cuff muscle group

A 
SITs
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus 
Teres minor
Subscapularis  
Maintain stability of shoulder joint.
73
Q

Teres major

A

Adduction and medial rotation of the arm

Inn-lower subscapular nerve

74
Q

latissimus Dorsi

A

Involved in medial rotation , extension and addiction of arm by acting on humerus. Involved in coughing and forced expiration.
Inn- thoracodorsal n.(c6,c7c8).

75
Q

Subcapularis m.

A

Add. & medial rotation

Inn-Subscapular n.

76
Q

Pectoralis major

A

Add and medial rotation

Inn- lateral and medial cord brachial plexus(c5-t1)

77
Q

Pectoralis minor

A

Pulls scapula forward and downward . Rotates scapula

Inn- medial pectoral (c8 -t1)

78
Q

Coracobrachialis

A

Aids in flexion (anteversion) and add. of arms

Inn- musculocutaneous nerve c5-c7

79
Q

Serratus anterior

A

Elevation of arm > 90 degrees
Protracts scapula
Accessory muscle during respiration by lifting ribs.
Inn- long thoracic n. C5-c7

80
Q

Winged scapula

A

A winged scapula (scapula alata) is a skeletal medical condition in which the shoulder blade, or shoulder bone, protrudes from a person’s back in an abnormal position. It is a rare condition with the potential to lead to limited functional activity in the upper extremity to which it is adjacent.

81
Q

Muscle involved in winged scapula

A

scapular winging due to serratus anterior, trapezius, and rhomboid muscle paralysis.

82
Q

Sign and symptoms of axillary nerve injury

A

Causes
trauma or excessive stress on the nerve over a long period of time
other body structures putting pressure on the axillary nerve, or trapping it against another body part
a penetrating injury, such as a knife or gunshot wound
exceeding a normal range of motion

If you are suffering from AND, you may feel numbness or tingling in the shoulder region. You may experience weakness in the shoulders and have problems with normal physical activities, such as lifting your arms above your head. Difficulty lifting objects can also be a sign of AND.

83
Q

Long head of the biceps branchii

A

Abductor and medial rotator of the arms , flexion or anteroversion of shoulder joint.
Inn- musculocutaneous c5-c6

84
Q

Short head of the biceps branchii

A

Add. Of arm anteroversion of shoulder joint.

85
Q

Brachialis

A

Powerful flexor of the elbow joint

Inn- musculocutaneous N.

86
Q

Triceps branchii

A

Strong extensor of the firearm at elbow joint

Inn-radial n

87
Q

Palmaris longus

A

Flexes the hand and tenses the palmar aponeurosis.

Inn- the median n. C6-7

88
Q

Pronator Teres

A

Pronation of forearm & flexion of elbow

89
Q

Flexor carpi Radialis

A

Action- palmar flexion and radial abduction of the hand.flexes and pronate elbows
Inn- median n. C6-c7

90
Q

Flexor digitorium superficialis

A

Flexion of the elbow , the wrist and the fingers.

Inn- median nerve c7 -t1.

91
Q

Flexor carpi ulnar is

A

A flexor and adductor of the hand .

Inn - ulnar nerve (c7 and c8)

92
Q

Flexor pollicis longus

A

Flexor of terminal phalanx , the thumb.

Inn- median nerve c8-t1

93
Q

Flexor digitorium profundus.

A

Flexes wrist mertacarpophalangeal and phalangeal joint.

Upper Limbs (1 decks)

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