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Pre Anatomy 1 > Bones Of The Skull > Flashcards

Bones Of The Skull Flashcards

1
Q

Human cranium consists of

A

22 bones interconnected through immobile sutures

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2
Q

Human cranium is divided into

A

Neurocranium (calvaria (the dome) and the base) and viscerocranium

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3
Q

Cranial cavity consists of

A

An upper (domed) part and the lower/base of the skull

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4
Q

Cranial sutures

A

Synarthrosis, developed after birth over the course of 2 years, flexible in infancy and early childhood, most important: coronal suture, Sagittal suture, lambdoid suture and squarrious suture

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5
Q

Fontanels

A

Soft membrane gaps between cranial bones of the calvaria, allow the rapidly growing brain to expand, 6 fontanels: posterior fontanel, anterior fontanel, posterolateral and anterolateral

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6
Q

Craniosynostosis

A

A pathological process leading to complete ossification prematurely

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7
Q

Neurocranium

A

Composed of calvaria (skull roof formed by flat bones and cranial base), cartilaginous part (delimitates the cranial cavity, communicates below the vertebral canal though the foramen magnum).

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8
Q

Calvaria

A

Upper part of the neurocranium, composed of flat bones, smooth outer convex surface and inner concave surface

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9
Q

Calvaria bone structure

A

Composed of flat bones, two layers of compact bone tissue, the inner layer is thinner than the outer and the diplose separates the two compact layers

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10
Q

Diploe

A

A cancellous (spongy) bone tissue containing bone marrow and diploic veins

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11
Q

Frontal bone

A

Forehead and superior rim of the orbit, pneumatized bone, superior to each orbital rim, glabella, partially forms the medial rim of the orbit and laterally the frontal bone extends with the frontal

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12
Q

Frontal bone articulations

A

Parietal bones, through the coronal suture, greater wing of sphenoid, the frontal process of the zygomatic bone, through the zygomatic process, with the nasal and lacrimal bones

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13
Q

Parietal bone

A

Paired quadrilateral bone, forms the roof and sides of the cranium, composed: 2 surfaces, 4 angles: frontal, occipital, Sagittal, squamous and 4 margins: frontal, sphenoid, mastoid, occipital

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14
Q

Occipital bone

A

Trapezoidal curved bone, main bone of the occiput, overlies the occipital lobes, 4 parts: squamous, basilar, two lateral parts, contains a large opening, spinal cord passes: foramen magnum

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15
Q

Inner occipital surface

A

Base of the posterior cranial fossa, exposes the basilar position of the bone, foramen magnum is bound, a transverse ridge and the occipital crest divide the surface into 4 depressions

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16
Q

Exterior occipital view

A

Each internal element correspondent on the outer surface, three transversal nuchal lines, two occipital condyles on each side of the foramen magnum, articulate with the atlas

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17
Q

Temporal bone

A

Paired flat bone located on the sides of the cranium, house structures of the ears, pneumatized bone, 4 parts: squamous, zygomatic process, tympanic and styloid, petromastoid

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18
Q

Cranial Base

A

Floor of the cranial cavity, two surfaces: endocranium and external cranial base, components: sphenoid bone, ethmoid bone, occipital bone, frontal bone, and temporal bone

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19
Q

Ethmoid bone

A

Small, unpaired bone, irregular shape, separates the nasal from the cranial cavity, pneumatized bone, superior projection, sieve like structure on each side, small portion of the orbit

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20
Q

Sphenoid bone

A

Butterfly shaped, unpaired bone, anterior to the basilar portion of occipital bone, pneumatized bone: sphenoidal sinuses, composed: body, greater wings, lesser wings and pterygoid

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21
Q

Viscerocranium

A

Facial skeleton, located anterior to the neurocranium, supports the facial features, comprising 14 bones, and all bones are joined together through synarthroses, except the mandible

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22
Q

Zygomatic bone

A

Irregular paired bone, forms the face lateral prominences, parts of the orbit inferior and lateral rims, composed of 4 processes, 3 surfaces, 4 borders

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23
Q

Nasal bone

A

Small, oblong, paired bones, form the bridge of the nose, articulates medially through internasal suture, each side has two surfaces, articulates frontal bone, inferiorly with the maxillae

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24
Q

Maxillae

A

Large paired bones, pneumatized bones, hold the upper teeth, involved in formation of orbit, nasal cavity and palate, composed of: body, four processes: zygomatic, frontal, alveolar, palatine

25
Q

Palatine bone

A

Irregular paired bones, alongside the maxillae, forms the hard palate, between the maxilla and pterygoid process, fuse together on the midline, composed of two perpendicular plates

26
Q

Order of fontanel closure

A

Posterior fontanel (2-3 months), sphenoid fontanel (6 months) , mastoid fontanel (6-18 months), anterior fontanel (12-18 months)

27
Q

Eight bones form the cranial portion of the skull. Which of them surrounds the external acoustic meatus?

A

Temporal

28
Q

Squamousal suture

A

Runs between each temporal bone and parietal bone

29
Q

Coronal suture

A

Runs between parietal bone and frontal bones

30
Q

Lamboidal suture

A

Runs between superior margin of the occipital bone and two parietal bones

31
Q

Sagittal suture

A

Runs between the two parietal bones

32
Q

Which skull bones exist singularly

A

The sphenoid bone, ethmoid bone, occipital bone, and frontal bone

33
Q

Which cranial bones exist in pairs

A

Parietal and temporal bones

34
Q

Which cranial bone is there multiples of

A

The lacrimal bones (facial bones)

35
Q

Cranial Base

A

Floor of the cranial cavity; 2 surfaces: endocranium, external cranial base, some bones of the calvaria, components: sphenoid bone, ethmoid bone, occipital bone, frontal bone, temporal bone

36
Q

External surface of cranial foramina

A

Involves neurocranium and viscerocranium, bordered: frontal upper teeth anteriorly, highest nuchal line posteriorly, maxillary dental arcade, zygomatic arches and mastoid processes laterally

37
Q

Endocranium

A

Internal surface of the cranial cavity base. 3 cranial fossae: anterior cranial fossa, middle cranial fossa, posterior cranial fossa

38
Q

Foramina of the cranial base

A

Passage of various structures into and out of the cranial cavity. Fissure- opening which is not entirely surrounded by bone; canals: opening larger in length than diameter

39
Q

Foramina of the anterior fossa

A

Anterior fossa: most shallow and superior cranial fossa, located superior to the orbital and nasal fossae, contains the frontal lobes and olfactory bulb

40
Q

Foramen caecum

A

Variable size, location medial Sagittal plane, articulation with the ethmoid bone, posterior ending of the frontal crest. Emissary vein from nose to superior Sagittal sinus

41
Q

Cribriform plate

A

Separates the nasal and cranial cavities. Supports the olfactory bulb

42
Q

Crista galli

A

Vertical plate in the median Sagittal plane of the ethmoid bone

43
Q

Middle cranial fossa foramina

A

Central butterfly shaped fossa. Composed of body and wings of the sphenoid bone, squamous and Petrous parts of the temporal bone

44
Q

Optic canal

A

Located in sphenoid bone. Connects the orbital and cranial cavities. Allows the optic nerve and the ophthalmic artery passage. Chiasmatic sulcus connects the optic canals on each side of the skull

45
Q

Superior orbital fissure

A

Cleft between the lesser and greater wings of the sphenoid. Passage for oculomotor nerve, trochlear nerve, trigeminal nerve, abducens nerve, opthalmic veins

46
Q

Foramen rotundum

A

Round opening; 3.5 mm diameter. Location: sphenoid bone; connects the pterygopalatine with the middle cranial fossae. Passage for the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve

47
Q

Foramen ovale

A

Among the largest foramina of the cranial base. Location: greater wings of the posterior sphenoid. Transmits the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve

48
Q

Foramen vesalii

A

Sphenoid emissary foramen; location the greater wing of the sphenoid. Adjacent to the vein of Vesalius connects the pterygoid plexus with the cavernous sinus

49
Q

Foramen spinosum

A

Location: greater wing of the sphenoid; passage for middle meningeal artery, middle meningeal vein, meningeal branch of the mandibular nerve

50
Q

Carotid canal

A

Temporal bone passage. Connects the neck with the middle cranial fossa; allows the internal carotid artery passage. Allows passage of the deep petrosal nerve

51
Q

Foramen lacerum

A

Triangular opening; location: medial to the carotid canal at the junction. Filled with cartilaginous tissue after birth

52
Q

Foramina of the posterior cranial fossa

A

Posterior and deepest depression of the cranial cavity. Supports the brainstem and cerebellum

53
Q

Internal acoustic meatus (I)

A

Canal located in the petrous portion of the temporal bone. Connects the inner ear with the posterior cranial fossa

54
Q

Internal acoustic meatus (II)

A

Divided to 2 perpendicular crests into quadrants. Vestibular and cochlear nerves end in the inner ear while the facial nerves travel through the facial canal exiting the skull

55
Q

Foramen magnum

A

Foramen of the occipital bone. Passage for medulla oblongata, meninges, spinal accessory nerves, anterior and posterior spinal arteries, vertebral arteries

56
Q

Jugular foramen

A

Large foramen located between the petrous part of the temporal bone, the occipital bone. On each side of the foramen magnum

57
Q

Hypoglossal canal

A

Located in the occipital bone. Passage for the hypoglossal nerve from the entry point to the medulla oblongata

58
Q

Mastoid foramen

A

Location the temporal bone. Passage for mastoid emissary vein to the sigmoid sinus, small branch of the occipital artery to the dura mater

Pre Anatomy 1 (1 decks)

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