BONES OF LOWER LIMB Flashcards
Pelvic Girdle
The pelvic girdle is composed of the 2 ossa coxae (appendicular skeleton) and the sacrum (axial skeleton).
Pubic Symphyses dilates (relaxin hormone helps this process) in the process of labor
Socroiliac joints: Connection between the axial and appendicular. Junction between axial and appendicular
False Pelvis: holds parts of the GI tract
True Pelvis:
Located below. Holds reproductive organs, bladder
Anterior Superior Iliac Spine
Pubic Terbile and ____ coronal plane
Pelvic brim divides false and true pelvis
Ossa cokae lateral
Ascetabulin is on the lateral side
This is a view of the Medial section.
True pelvis is below.
Sacrum
Anterior (ventral) sacral foramina
Posterior (dorsal) sacral foramina
Sacral canal
Median sacral crest
Auricular surface
Made up of 5 fused bones
A Foramen is a hole
The Median Sacral Crest: think of it as a continuation of the bumps of the spine. It is found only on the posterior side of the sacrum
Rami go through the foramina
Nerves run through the Sacral Canal
Auricular, named that because it looks like an ear
Coccyx: 4-5 fused bones
The posterior side has a crest, a continuation of the spine bumps you feel when you run finger down someone’s back
Ventral rami come through the anterior sacral foramina
Auricular surface sacroiliac joint
Os Coxae
A.K.A., the Innominate, Coxal, or Hip Bone
Composed of 3 bones that have fused together:
Ilium (superior)
Ischium (posterior)
Pubis (anterior)
Think:
Ilium, the Illuminati thinks it’s Superior.
Pubes are in the front. So the Pubis is anterior.
Where the 3 bones are fused is called the ascetabulum, which points out laterally
They fuse at age 15-17. Not fully fused til age 23
The Ischial tuberacities are sit bones
Sciatic nerve
Sciatic nerve passes through the greater sciatic notch.
Largest nerve in the body
ascetabulum
Where the 3 bones forming the Os Coxae are fused together
The ascetabulum points out laterally.
If you cant see the acetabulum, it’s a medial view.
The Head of the Femur articulates at the acetabulum.
Iliac Crest
bony hip points
The Iliac Crest is at about the same level of L4, where spinal cord taps are done.
What is visible in the Medial View of the Os Coxae?
iliac fossa
auricular surface
What is visible in the Lateral View of the Os Coxae?
acetabulum
Femur
The Bone of the Thigh
Gluteal tuberosity: where Gluteus Maximus attaches to the femur
Patella
Anterior: smoother surface
Patella is a sesamoid bone
Bones of the Leg:
Tibia and Fibula
The Tibia is the Thicker one
The Fibula is the little, lateral one
Lateral malleolus
the “Ankle bone”
Tibia
Includes what is called the shin
Tibia forms knee joint with the Femur
Tibia is more medial (find your shin; see that it’s located medially)
The weight bearing bone of the leg
Fibula
The Fibula is the little, lateral one
The fibula has nothing to do with the knee.
The fibula is involved with the ankle
Tarsal Bones (7)
Tarsal bones are short bones
Talus
Calcaneus
Navicular
Cuboid
Cuneiforms
Medial
Intermediate
Lateral
Calcaneus
Talus
The _____ articulate with ____ _____ to form the ankle joint.
located posteriorly on os coxa
What bony landmark demarcates the boundary between the true and false pelvis?
Pelvic brim
What bone articulates with the first metatarsal?
Medial cuneiform
The patella is found in the tendon of what muscle?
Quadricep femorus muscle
These structures are very large, blunt, irregularly shaped processes. The only examples in the human body are on the femur.
What bone marking is being described?
Trochanter
The hip bone is created through the fusion of 3 separate bones. Which one is located most superior in the human body?
Ilium
The head of the femur articulates with what bony landmark?
acetabulum
In human body, the ______________ is located in the same coronal plane as the anterior superior iliac spine.
Pubic tubericle
Ligament
BBL
Tendon
LBM
Joint Functions
(i.e. amount of movement):
Synarthrosis (Synarthrotic Joint)
Amphiarthrosis (Amphiarthrotic Joint)
Diarthrosis (Diarthrotic Joint)
Fibrous Joints
bones joined by fibrous connective tissue
no joint cavity.
For fibrous joints, the amount of movement permitted depends on the length of the connective tissue fibers holding the bones together.
Fibrous joint-suture
very short fibers connect the interlocking edges of articulating bones; occurs only between bones of the skull; sutures are synarthrotic joints.
Fibrous joints-Syndesmosis
ligaments connect the 2 bones; syndesmoses are either synarthrotic or amphiarthrotic joints.
Fibrous joints-Gomphosis
a peg-in-socket joint; only example is a tooth in the alveolar process of the mandible or maxillae bones; gomphoses are synarthrotic joints.
Fibrous joints are either
Synarthrosis or Amphiarthrosis,
Cartilaginous Joints
bones joined by cartilage
no joint cavity.
Hyalin cartilage and the epiphyseal plate
Elastic cartilage: ears and epiglottis
“chondro” = cartilage
Synovial Joints
articulating bones are separated by a fluid-containing joint cavity.
Synarthrosis
immovable
Amphiarthrosis
Slightly moveable
Diarthrosis
freely moveable joint
2 Types of Cartilaginous Joints:
1) Synchondrosis – bar or plate of hyaline cartilage joins bones; synchondroses are synarthrotic joints.
2) Symphysis – a pad or plate of fibrocartilage between bones; symphyses are amphiarthrotic joints.
Synchondrosis
bar or plate of hyaline cartilage joins bones; synchondroses are synarthrotic joints.
Cartilaginous; no joint cavity
epiphyseal plate
Symphysis
a pad or plate of fibrocartilage between bones
symphyses are amphiarthrotic joints.
Cartilaginous; no joint cavity
Found in between spinal vertebrea.
Pubic Symphysis
Synovial Joints
1) Articular (hyalin) Cartilage
2) Joint or Synovial Cavity
3) Articular Capsule – 2 Parts:
a) Fibrous Capsule
b) Synovial Membrane
4) Synovial Fluid
5) Reinforcing Ligaments
Most joints in the body are Synovial, thus most are diarthrotic
articulating bones are separated by a fluid-containing joint cavity.
