bones & muscle test Flashcards
what is the function of the vertebrae
protects the spinal cord and support head and trunk
how many bones in the vertebrae?
26 cervical (7) thoracic (12) lumbar (5) sacrum (1) coccyx (1)
where/what are these bones in the vertebrae? cervical thoracic lumbar sacrum coccyx
- neck
- chest, attached to ribs
- waist
- back of pelvic girdle
- tailbone
what are the three parts of the sternum?
manubrium, body, xiphoid process
bones of the arm
humerus radius ulna carpals metacarpals phalanges
bones of pelvic girdle
2 os coxae symphysis pubis illium ischium pubis acetabula obturator foramen
bones of the leg
femur patella tibia fibula tarsals metatarsals phalanges
what are joints
where 2 or more bones join
what are ligaments
connective tissue that helps to hold bones together
what is the connective tissue that helps to hold bones together called?
ligaments
what are the three types of joints?
diarthrosis (synovial): freely movable (ball & socket and hinge joints)
amphiarthrosis: slightly movable (ribs, symphysis pubis)
synarthrosis: immovable (suture joints in cranium)
what is diarthrosis (synovial)?
freely movable joints (ball & socket and hinge joints)
what are freely movable joints (ball & socket joints)
diarthroosis (synovial)
what is amphiathrosis?
slightly movable (ribs, symphysis pubis)
what are slight movable joints (ribs, symphysis pubis)
amphiathrosis
what is synarthrosis?
immovable joints (suture joints in cranium)
what are immovable joints (suture joints in cranium)
synarthrosis
what are the types of fractures?
closed fx - when broken bone occurs within the skin
open fx - when the bone comes through the skin at the time of fracture
what is a closed fx
when broken bone occurs within the skin
when a broken bone occurs within the skin
closed fx
what is an open fx
when the bone comes through the skin at the time of fracture
when the bone comes through the skin at the time of fracture
open fx
what is comminuted
“community”of broken bones
what is a “community” of broken bones called
comminuted
what are the kinds of muscles
cardiac (walls of heart) - involuntary
visceral (found in internal organs, blood vessels and eyes) - involuntary
skeletal ( attached to bone and causes movement) - involuntary
cardiac muscles
(walls of heart) - involuntary
visceral muscles
(found in internal organ, blood vessels and eyes)- involuntary
skeletal muscles
(attached to bone and causes movement) - involuntary
what are the functions of skeletal muscles?
- attach bones to provide voluntary movement
- produce heat & energy
- help maintain posture
- protects internal organs
what is a deltoid
upper arm (where you get shots)
what are biceps brachii
top (when you flex)
what are triceps brachii
bottom (when you flex)
what are quadriceps femoris
“quads” (thighs)
what is pectoralis major
“bench press”
gluteus maximus
“butt”
rectus abdominis
“six pack”
external oblique
sides, above hips?
gastrocnemius
“calf muscle”
what is abduction
away from the body (lateral)
adduction
bring closer to body (lateral)
flexion
lift up (leg to chest)
extension
back to normal
rotation
“look at left shoulder” “look at right shoulder”
circumduction
“arm circles”
