Bones and Skeletal Tissue

Question 1

Cartilage within the Skeletal tissue

Answer 1

• Matrix - Ground substance
  - Fibers
• Cells
• Perichondrium

Question 2

Types of of skeletal cartilages

Answer 2

• Hyaline
• Elastic
• Fibrocartilage

Question 3

Growth within skeletal cartilage

Answer 3

• Appositional

- interstitial

Question 4

How are bones classified?

Answer 4

Location:Axial, Appendicular
Shape: Long, short, flat, irregular

Question 5

What are the functions of bones?

Answer 5

• Support
• Protection
• Movement
• Mineral storage
• Homatopoiesis = blood cell formation
• Triglyceride storage

Question 6

Bone textures.

Answer 6

Compact, Spongy

Question 7

Structure of short, irregular, and flat bones…

Answer 7

All consist of thin plates of spong bone covered by compact bone.

Question 8

Connective membranes covering the inside and outside of the bone plates?

Answer 8

Periosteum

Endosteum

Question 9

Structure of typical Long bone.

Answer 9

• Diaphysis: compact bone, medullary cavity

- Epiphysis

Question 10

Epiphysis

Answer 10

• Articular (hyaline) cartilage
• Epiphyseal line
• Spongy bone
• outer shell of compact bone forms the epiphysis exterior and the interior contains spongy bone. a thin layer of articular cartilage covers the joints surface of each epiphysis, cushioning and opposing bone ends during movement and absorbing stress.

Question 11

Membranes of typical Long bone

Answer 11

• Periosteum, perforating (Sharppey’s) fibers
• Osteogenic: Osteoblasts, Osteoclasts.
• Endosteum
• Medullar cavity

Question 12

Periosteum

Answer 12

• Covers the external surface of the entire bone except the joint surface.
• Irregular connective tissue on the outside
• Ricly supplied with nerve fibers and blood vessels, which pass through the shaft to enter the marrow cavity, via Nutrient Foramin
• Also providees anchoring points for tendons and ligaments.

Question 13

Perforating (Sharpey’s) Fibers

Answer 13

tufts of collagen fibers that extend from its fibrous layer into the bone matrix - secure the periosteum to the underlying bone.

Question 14

Endosteum

Answer 14

covers internal bone surfaces, covering the trabeculae of spongy bone and lines the canals tat pass through the compact bone.

Question 15

Medullary Cavity

Answer 15

• central cavity within the diaphysis

- contains (yellow marrow) Fat

Question 16

Location of Hematopoietic Tissue in bones

Answer 16

Location: Red marrow is typicall found within the trabecular cavities of spongy of long bones and in the dipole of flat bones.
- yellow marrow - within medullary cavit

Question 17

Bone Markings

Answer 17

• Projections: bone markings that bulge outward from the surface, includes heads, trochanters, spines and others.
• Depressions/Openings: Fossae (singular: Fossa), Sinuses, Foramin (singular: foramen), and grooves

Question 18

Micro-anatomy of bone: Cells

Answer 18

• Osteogenic
• Osteoblasts
• Osteocytes
• Bone lining cells
• Osteoclasts

Question 19

Osteogenic

Answer 19

miotically active stem cells found in the membranous periosteum and endosteum. either flattened or squamous during bone growth. when stimulated, these cells differentiate into osteoblasts or bone lining cells, while other persist as osteogenetic cells.

Question 20

Osteoblasts

Answer 20

bone forming cells that secrete the bone matrix.
- unmineralized bone matrix secreted includes Collagen and calcium-binding proteins that make up the initial unmineralized bone, or osteoid.

Question 21

Bone Lining Cells

Answer 21

flat cells found on bone surfaces where bone remodeling is not going on.

• help to maintain the matrix.
• Bone lining cells on the external surfaces are also called periosteal cells
• Internal bone lining cells are called endosteal cells.

Question 22

Compact bone Structural unit:

Answer 22

Osteon = Haversian System