Bones and Muscles + Movement (hip and thigh) Flashcards
Abductors of the thigh at the hip
Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fascia lata
Medial rotators of thigh at the hip
Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fascia lata
Lateral rotators of thigh at the hip
Piriformus, obdurator internus, gemellus superior, gemellus inferior, quadratus femoris, gluteus maximus, obdurator externus
Extensors of the thigh at the hip
Gluteus maximus, hamstrings
Gluteus maximus (gluteal)
from ilium, dorsal sacrum and sacrotuberous ligament
to iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity of femur
inferior gluteal n.
Gluteus medius and gluteus minimus (gluteal)
from gluteal surface of the ilium to the greater trochanter of the femur
Superior gluteal n.
Piriformis (gluteal)
From ventral surface of the sacrum to the greater trochanter
Nerve to piriformis
Obdurator internus (gluteal)
From pelvic surface obdurator membrane to the greater trochanter
Nerve to oburator internus
Superior gemellus (gluteal)
From Ischial spine to greater trochanter
Nerve to obdurator internus
Inferior gemellus (gluteal)
From ischial tuberosity to the greater trochanter
Nerve to quadratus femoris
Quadratus femoris (gluteal)
Ischial tuberosity to quadrate tubercle
Nerve to quadratus femoris
Pelvis
2 bones united by sacrum and pubic symphysis
Actually 3 bones, the ilium, ischium and pubis
All three form the acetabulum (ball for socket of hip)
Ilium: anterior superior iliac spine, anterior inferior iliac spine, iliac crest, gluteal surface, greater sciatic notch
Pubis: inferior pubic ramus
Ischium: ischial spine, lesser sciatic notch, ischial tuberosity (hamstrings attachment and seat)
medial: obdurator foramen between pubis and ischium (with obdurator membrane, and obdurator canal)
Proximal femur
head and neck: to acetabulum with fovea and fibrocartilagenous labrum
Greater trochanter (anterior): attachment for hip abductors and rotators
Lesser trochanter (posterior): attachment for iliopsoas (hip flexor)
Intertrochanteric line: attachment for iliofemoral ligament
Linea aspera: attachment for hip adductors
Ligaments
3 extracapsular: iliofemoral, ischiofemoral, and pubofemoral (all resist hyperextension)
Iliofemoral is strongest
One round ligament of femur is weak intracapsular and contains foveal a.
Hip flexion muscles
main: iliopsoas, tensor fascia lata, rectus femoris
lesser: pectineus, sartorius, adductors
Hip extension muscles
main: gluteus maximus, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, long head of biceps femoris
lesser: adductor magnus
Hib abductor muscles
main: gluteus medius, gluteus minimus
lesser: tensor fascia lata, sartorius, piriformis, obdurator externus
Hip adductor muscles
main: Adductor magnus, adductor longus, adductor brevis
lesser: pectineus, gracilis
Medial rotators of the hip
Tensor fascia lata, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus
lateral rotation of the hip
main: obdurator internus, obdurator externus, gemelli, and quadratus femoris
lesser: piriformus, gluteus maximus, sartorius
Blood to hip
trochanteric anastamosis of medial and lateral circumflex femoral aa.
Hip fracture
Commonly along neck or intertrochanteric line
postmenopausal women or high velocity accidents
avascular necrosis can happen if aa. damaged needing hip reconstruction
Congenital hip dislocation
baby girls, mostly left side
can’t abduct and different length legs
Acquired dislocation
only really in high velocity accidents
displaces posteriorly
accompanied often by acetabulum or femoral fracture
Psoas major (anterior thigh)
Lumbar vertebrae to lesser trochanter
L2-3 Ventral rami
Iliacus (anterior thigh)
Iliac fossa to lesser trochanter
Femoral n.
Tensor fascia lata (anterior thigh)
ASIS to IT band
Superior gluteal n.
Sartorius (anterior thigh)
ASIS to medial tibia
Femoral n.
Rectus femoris (anterior thigh)
AIIS to patella
Femoral n.
Vastus intermedius (anterior thigh)
Femur to patella
Femoral n.
Vastus lateralis (anterior thigh)
Femur to patella
Femoral n.
Vastus medialis (anterior thigh)
Femur to patella
Femoral n.
Anterior thigh muscle action
Hip flexion: Iliopsoas, sartorius, tensor fascia lata, rectus femoris
Knee extension: quadriceps femoirs
Hip adductors (medial thigh)
Pectineus: pubis to femur; femoral/obdurator n.
Adductor longus: pubis to linea aspera of femur; obdurator n.
Adductor brevis: pubis to linea aspera of femur; obdurator n.
Adductor magnus (as an adductor): pubis to linea aspera of femur; obdurator n.
Gracilis: pubis to medial tibia; obdurator n.
Hip lateral rotators (medial thigh)
Obdurator externus: external surface of obdurator membrane; obdurator n.
Hip extenders (medial thigh)
Hamstring part of adductor magnus: Ischial tuberosity to adductor tubercle of femur; tibial n.
Knee flexion
Gracilis: pubis to medial tibia; obdurator n.
Hip extenders (posterior thigh)
Semitendinosus: Ischial tuberosity to medial tibia; tibial n.
Semimembranosus: Ischial tuberosity to medial tibia; tibial n.
Adductor magnus: Ischial tuberosity to adductor tubercle of femur; tibial n.
Long head of biceps femoris: ischial tuberosity to head of fibula; tibial n.
Knee flexors (posterior thigh)
Semitendinosus: Ischial tuberosity to medial tibia; tibial n.
Semimembranosus: Ischial tuberosity to medial tibia; tibial n.
Long head of biceps femoris: ischial tuberosity to head of fibula; tibial n.
Short head of biceps femoris: linea aspera of femur to head of fibula; common fibular n.
Femoral sheath
Lateral to medial: NAVL (nerve not in sheath)
femoral hernias into the femoral canal where the lymphatics are; pass posterior to inguinal ligament
