Bones and Joints Flashcards
What are the two forms of bone tissue components?
- Bone Matrix - also known as ‘ground substance’
2. Bone Cells
What are the four types of bone cells?
- Osteogenic Cells
- Osteoblast
- Osteocyte
- Osteoclast
What are the components of bone matrix and their percentage?
Water (25%)
Collagen Fibres (25%)
Crystallised Mineral Salts (50%)
What is the function of collagen fibres in the bone matrix?
To provide the bone with flexibility and tensile strength
What is the function of crystallised mineral salts in the bone matrix?
To provide the bone with hardness and compressive strength
What is the outermost layer of the long bone called?
Periosteum
What is the function of the medullary cavity?
The medullary cavity (medulla, innermost part) is the central cavity of bone shafts where red bone marrow and/or yellow bone marrow (adipose tissue) is stored; hence, the medullary cavity is also known as the marrow cavity.
What is the nutrient foramen?
A nutrient foramen (plural: nutrient foramina) or vascular channel is a small tunnel through the cortex of a long bone containing a nutrient artery which supplies the bone. The foramina are known to mimic oblique fractures on plain radiographs
What does the axial skeleton consist of?
- Bones of the head
- Neck
- Trunk
What does the appendicular skeleton consist of?
- Bones of the limbs
- Pectoral (shoulder) girdle
- Pelvic girdle
What two skeletons make up the skeletal system?
- Axial Skeleton
2. Appendicular Skeleton
How do bones grow in length?
By interstitial (endogenous) growth
How do bones grow in thickness?
By appositional (exogenous) growth
How does cartilage grow in length and thickness?
By both interstitial (endogenous) growth and appositional (exogenous) growth
