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B2A sem1 > Bones and Joints > Flashcards

Bones and Joints Flashcards

1
Q

What is region A?

A

Head and neck

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2
Q

What is region B?

A

Upper limbs

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3
Q

What is region C?

A

Thorax

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4
Q

What is region D?

A

Abdomen

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5
Q

What is region E?

A

Lower limbs

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6
Q

What does the ventral body cavity contrain?

A

Tharoic

Diaphragm

Abdominal

Pelvic

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7
Q

What does the dorsal body cavity contain?

A

Cranial

Spinal

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8
Q

What seperates the pleural and pericardial cavities from the abdominopelvic cavity?

A

Diaphragm seperates the pleural and pericardial cavities from the abdominopelvic cavity

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9
Q

What are pleural cavities anatomically closed spaces?

A

Pleural cavities are anatomically closed spaces to maintain the negative pressure of the lungs

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10
Q

Which is the cranial cavity?

A

First line

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11
Q

Which is the spinal cavity?

A

Second line

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12
Q

Which is the tharoic cavity?

A

Third line

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13
Q

Which is the diaphragm?

A

Fourth line

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14
Q

Which is the abdominal cavity?

A

Fifth line

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15
Q

Which is the pelvic cavity?

A

Sixth line

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16
Q

What is the tharoic cavity composed of?

A

The tharoic cavity is composed of the pleural and pericardial cavities

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17
Q

What are the different kinds of bones?

A

Long (limbs)

Short (wrist)

Flat (skull)

Pneumatic (contain air filled cavities)

Sesamoid (patella)

Irregular (vertebrae)

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18
Q

What membrane covers bone and what is its function?

A

Periosteum, lays down more bone

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19
Q

Why are limb bones long?

A

Limb bones are used for movement

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20
Q

Why do trunk bones vary between being long, flat and irregular?

A

Trunk bones are used for protection

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21
Q

Where is cartilage found?

A

The end of long bones at the joints

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22
Q

What are the three types of cartilage?

A

The three types of carilage are:

Elastic

Hyaline

Fibrocartilage

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23
Q

Where is elastic cartilage found?

A

Elastic cartilage is found in:

External ear

Epiglottis

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24
Q

Where is hyaline cartilage found?

A

Hyaline cartilage is found in:

Ribs

Nose

Trachea

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25
Where is fibrocartilage found?
Fibrocartilage is found in: Intervertebrae disks Certain ligaments
26
What does cartilage not contain?
Cartilage does not contain blood vessels or nerves
27
What do the three types of cartilage differ in?
The three types of cartilage differ in the amount of collagen, elastic fibres and ground substance
28
What does the spinal column consist of?
The spinal column consists of: 7 cervical vertebrae 12 tharoracic vertabrae 5 lumbar vertabrae 5 sacral vertabrae 3-5 coccygael vertebrae (fused together)
29
How can arteries be identified?
Arteries can be identified by: Thicker walls White or slightly reddish colour Rounded circumference Smaller diameter Deeper location than vains
30
How can vains be identified?
Vains can be identified by: Thinner walls Blue or darker colour Rounded circumference Larger diameter
31
How can lymphatic channels be identified?
Lymphatic channels can be identified by: Generally note visible Small lymph nodes along their length
32
How can nerves be identified?
Nerves can be identified by: Flatter Tough consistency White colour
33
What are different kinds of imaging?
Different kinds of imaging includes: X-Ray CT Ultrasound MRI PET
34
What scan is better for showing fat out of CT and MRI?
MRI shows fat whereas a CT scan does not show fat
35
What are the two different parts of the skeleton called?
The two different parts of the skeleton are called: Axial Appendicular
36
Where in a long bone is compact bone found?
Compact bone is found on the surface
37
Where is a long bone is spongy bone found?
Spongy bone is found inside the bone
38
What type of bone is found inside the marrow cavity?
Spongy bone is found inside the marrow cavity
39
What osteogenic cells are fdound in the periosteum?
Osteoblasts are found in the periosteum
40
What is compact bone surrounded by?
Periosteum surrounds compact bone
41
What is on the inside of compact bone?
Endosteum is on the inside of compact bone
42
What is A?
Epithysis
43
What is B?
Articular cartilage
44
What is C?
Epithyseal line
45
What is D?
Spongy bone
46
What is E?
Medullary cavity
47
What is F?
Nutrient foramen
48
What is G?
Endosteum
49
What is H?
Periosteum
50
What is I?
Articular cartilage
51
What is J?
Diaphysis
52
What is A?
Periosteum (membrane covering bone)
53
What is B?
Cortical (hard) bone
54
What is C?
Trabecular (spongy) bone
55
What is D?
Articular cartilage
56
What is E?
Epithyseal plate
57
What is F?
Medullary cavity
58
What is G?
Marrow
59
What is H?
Blood vessels
60
Where is the metaphysis located?
Between the epithysis and diaphysis
61
How to bones increase in width?
Bones increase in width by appositional growth, new bone added from outside onto existing bone
62
How do bones increase in length?
Bones increase in length by interstitual growth, occuring by cell division in the epithyseal growth plate within the bone
63
What tissue gives rise to appositional bone growth?
Periosteum gives rise to appositional bone growth
64
What tissue gives rise to interstitual bone growth?
Epithyseal plate gives rise to interstitual bone growth
65
What is the function of a sesamoid bone?
Sesamoid bones act as a pulley, increasing the tendons ability to transmit muscular force
66
How are muscles attatched onto bones?
Tendons attatch muscles to bones
67
What is the origin of a muscle described as?
The origin of a muscle is described as the proximal/superior attatchment or distal/inferior attatchment, origin being the end that does not move
68
What is the insertion of a muscle described as?
The insertion of a muscle is described as the distal/inferior./lateral attatchment, being the moving end of the muscle
69
How would you describe the anterior tendons of the abdomen?
The anterior tendons of the abdomen are thin and flat
70
Why are the anterior tendons of the abdomen thin and flat?
The anterior tendons of the abdoment are thin and flat to allow you to breath
71
What must skeletal muscles span to exert their action?
Skeletal muscles must cross a joint to exert their action, so are attatched by tendons to the bones on both sides of the joint
72
What is flexion?
Flexion is pulling two bones together
73
What is extension?
Extension is pulling two bones apart
74
What do muscles do?
Muscles pull bones together or pull bones apart, they do not push
75
What is the convential viewing position of cross sections?
Inferior is the convential way to look at cross sections
76
What is this a diagram of?
Hyaline cartilage
77
What is A?
Chondrocytes
78
What is B?
Matrix
79
What is C?
Lacunae
80
What is this a diagram of?
Spongy bone
81
What is A?
Trabecular bone
82
What is B?
Yellow bone marrow (adipose tissue)
83
What is this a diagram of?
Compact bone
84
What is A?
Lacuna
85
What is B?
Lumellae
86
What is C?
Haversian canal
87
What is D?
Osteon
88
What is hyaline cartilage also known as?
Articular cartilage
89
What tissues are found in the medullary cavity?
Adipose tissue is found in the medullary cavity in adults and blood forming tissue in children
90
Is the clavicle appendicular or axial?
Appendicular
91
Which of MRI and CT does bone appear white and black?
White on CT Black on MRI
92
What are the 6 types of synovial joint?
Hinge Pivot Saddle Plane Condyloid/elipsoid Ball and socket

B2A sem1 (22 decks)

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