Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Interspecies differences - bones, muscles and ligaments (ca-eq-bo) > Bones > Flashcards

Bones Flashcards

1
Q

Spatium interarcuale

A

⮚ Eq: wide
⮚ Ru: wide
⮚ Ca: narrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Incisura alare on the atlas (C1)

A

⮚ Eq: absent, foramen alare instead
⮚ Ru: absent, foramen alare instead
⮚ Ca: present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Foramen transversarium on atlas (C1)

A

⮚ Eq: present
⮚ Ru: absent
⮚ Ca: present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Shape of ala atlantis (C1)

A

⮚ Eq: point downwards
⮚ Ru: point horizontally
⮚ Ca: point horizontally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The shape of Dens on Axis (C2)

A

⮚ Eq: spout- like
⮚ Ru: spout- like
⮚ Ca: rod- like

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The shape of facies articularis cranialis on axis (C2)

A

⮚ Eq: surface is split into two and is ventrolateral to the dens
⮚ Ru: surface is undivided and is semicircular around the dens
⮚ Ca: surface is split into two and is nearly fully lateral to the dens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Processus spinosus direction and shape on axis (C2)

A

⮚ Eq: directed caudally and is split into two ridges (bifurcated) ; is continuous with the caudal articular processes
⮚ Ru: rectangular in shape and has a convex dorsal borer ; is separate from the caudal articular processes
⮚ Ca: ridge extends cranially and caudally ; is continuous with the caudal articular processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Foramen vertebrale laterale on axis (C2)

A

⮚ Eq: present, formed by a bony bridge on the cranial side
⮚ Ru: present, formed by a bony bridge on the cranial side
⮚ Ca: absent, instead incisura vertebralis cranialis is present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Crista ventralis on C7

A

⮚ Eq: absent
⮚ Ru: absent
⮚ Ca: present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Number of thorcicae vertebrae

A

⮚ Eq: 18
⮚ Ru: 13
⮚ Ca: 12- 14

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Processus accessorii (Thorcicae)

A

⮚ Eq: not present ⮚ Ru: not present ⮚ Ca: present between the transverse and caudal articular processes of the last thoracic vertebrae (rod – like)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Size of the processus spinosus on thoracicae

A

⮚ Eq: increase in length until the 4th of 5th vertebrae, decrease until the 12th or 13th
⮚ Ru: increase in length until the 3rd vertebra, decrease until the 12th or 13th ⮚ Ca: decrease all the way through

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Foreman intervertebrale (Thorcicae)

A

⮚ Eq: undivided
⮚ Ru: divided into two by a bony bridge
⮚ Ca: undivided

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Number of vertebrae (Lumbales)

A

⮚ Eq: 5-7
⮚ Ru: 6
⮚ Ca: 6/7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Processus accessorii (Lumbales)

A

⮚ Eq: not present ⮚ Ru: not present ⮚ Ca: present, between the transverse and processus articularis caudalis of the entire lumbar vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The shape of processus spinosus (Lumbales)

A

⮚ Eq: uniform length ; directed cranially ; rectangular in shape
⮚ Ru: uniform length ; directed caudally in the ox and vertically in small ruminants ; square in shape
⮚ Ca: not uniform in length ; directed cranially

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Processus costales (rudimentary ribs)– [Processus transversus of the Lumbales]

A

⮚ Eq: horizontally directed ; that of the last two and 1st sacral vertebrae articulate together
⮚ Ru: horizontally directed
⮚ Ca: directed downwards and forwards (cranioventrally)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The shape of processus mamilloarticularis (Lumbales)

A

⮚ Eq: club – shaped
⮚ Ru: club – shaped
⮚ Ca: ridge – shaped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Foramen intervertebrale (Lumbales)

A

⮚ Eq: undivided ; has a dorsal and ventral opening due to articulation of transverse processes
⮚ Ru: divided in the first 3 lumbar vertebrae by a bony bridge (caudal notch)
⮚ Ca: undivided

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Number of vertebrae (Sacrales)

A

⮚ Eq: 5
⮚ Ru: 5 (4 in sheep)
⮚ Ca: 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Shape of os sacral

A

⮚ Eq: triangular
⮚ Ru: triangular
⮚ Ca: rectangular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Basis ossis sacri (sacrales)

A

⮚ Eq: straight
⮚ Ru: curved caudally
⮚ Ca straight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Crista sacralis mediana et intermedia (sacrales)

A

⮚ Eq: not present
⮚ Ru: present (mediana on the dorsal aspect and the intermediana lateral to the proc. spinosus)
⮚ Ca: not present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Ala ossis sacri (sacrales)

A

⮚ Eq: only first sacral vertebrae contributes to its formation
⮚ Ru: first two contribute (in small ruminants)
⮚ Ca: first two contribute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Processus spinosus fused/divided (sacrales)

A

⮚ Eq: bases are fused while dorsal part remains unfused

⮚ Ru: dorsal spines are fused (form the medial sacral crest) ⮚ Ca: bases are fused while dorsal part remains unfused

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Shape of pars lateralis of the sacral (fusion of proc. transversus) [Sacrale]

A

⮚ Eq: stout
⮚ Ru: thin
⮚ Ca: stout

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Shape of the crista sacralis lateralis (sacrale)

A

⮚ Eq: prominent
⮚ Ru: rudimentary
⮚ Ca: rudimentary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Position of facies auricularis (sacrale)

A

⮚ Eq: directed almost cranially ⮚ Ru: directed upwards and backwards (caudodorsally) ⮚ Ca: directed laterally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Number of vertebrae (cocygeal-caudales)

A

⮚ Eq: 15 - 21
⮚ Ru: 18 - 20
⮚ Ca: 20 - 23

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Processus haemalis (for protection of coccygeal vessels ; on the ventral surface) [cocygeal-cadualis]

A

⮚ Eq: absent
⮚ Ru: 1st – 8th vertebrae
⮚ Ca: 5th – 15th vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Arcus haemalis [cocygeal-cadualis]

A

⮚ Eq: absent
⮚ Ru: 2nd and 3rd vertebrae
⮚ Ca: 3rd – 8th vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Number of ribs (costae)

A

⮚ Eq: 18
⮚ Ru: 13
⮚ Ca: 12 –

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Ratio of sternal to asternal ribs (costae)

A

⮚ Eq: 8:10
⮚ Ru: 8:5
⮚ Ca: 9:4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Collum costae (costae)

A

⮚ Eq: becomes shorter gradually
⮚ Ru: does not become shorter
⮚ Ca: becomes shorter gradually

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Shape of the ribs (costae)

A

⮚ Eq: uniform
⮚ Ru: flat with sharply defined margins, expand in width towards the sternum
⮚ Ca: more curved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Cartilago manubrii (sternum)

A

⮚ Eq: long, dorsally convex and laterally compressed projection
⮚ Ru: represented by a thin layer/ completely missing
⮚ Ca: short, blunt cylinder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Corpus sterni (sternum)

A

⮚ Eq: has a crista sterni on the ventral side ; 7 segments (sometimes 8) ; compressed laterally and extended ventrally
⮚ Ru: wide and flat ; 7 segments ; compressed dorsoventrally
⮚ Ca: cylindrical ; 8-9 segments ; uniform cylinder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Cartilago xiphoidea (sternum)

A

⮚ Eq: broad and expanded
⮚ Ru: broad and expanded
⮚ Ca: thin and narrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Fossa and spina scapulae size (Scapula)

A

⮚ Eq: fossa supraspinata much smaller than fossa infraspinata ; tuber present
⮚ Ru: fossa supraspinata much smaller than fossa infraspinata ; tuber absent
⮚ Ca: fossa supra and infra spinata are approximately the same in size ; tuber absent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Acromion (Scapula)

A

⮚ Eq: not present (fused)
⮚ Ru: present
⮚ Ca: extended to form processus hamatus
⮚ Fe: extended to form processus hamatus and supra hamatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Cartilago scapulae (Scapula)

A

⮚ Eq: large
⮚ Ru: large
⮚ Ca: only a small band

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Tuberculum infraglenoidale (Scapula)

A

⮚ Eq: not present
⮚ Ru: not present
⮚ Ca: present, dorsal to the cavitas glenoidalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Incisura glenoidalis (Scapula)

A

⮚ Eq: present
⮚ Ru: not present
⮚ Ca: not present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Tuber spinae scapulae (Scapula)

A

⮚ Eq: present
⮚ Ru: not present
⮚ Ca: not present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Foramen supratrochleare (Humerus)

A

⮚ Eq: absent
⮚ Ru: absent
⮚ Ca: present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Tuberculum majus divided/undivided (Humerus)

A

⮚ Eq: divided into a pars cranialis and caudalis
⮚ Ru: divided into a pars cranialis and caudalis
⮚ Ca: undivided

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Tuberculum minus divided/undivided (Humerus)

A

⮚ Eq: divided into a pars cranialis and caudalis
⮚ Ru: divided into a pars cranialis and caudalis
⮚ Ca: undivided

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Tuberculum intermedium (Humerus)

A

⮚ Eq: present ; prominent ridge
⮚ Ru: absent
⮚ Ca: absent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Tuberositas teres major (Humerus)

A

⮚ Eq: present
⮚ Ru: present
⮚ Ca: not present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Spatium interosseum antebrachii (Humerus)

A

⮚ Eq: one short space (proximal)
⮚ Ru: two short spaces (proximal and distal)
⮚ Ca: narrow space throughout the length

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Ulna fused/unfused with radius

A

⮚ Eq: fused with radius (united by ossification) ; distal third of the ulna is lacking ; caput ulnae absent
⮚ Ru: fused with radius ; ulna is not as small as in Eq ; caput ulnae is present
⮚ Ca: unfused : ulna is relatively the biggest among the three species : caput ulnae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Incisura ulnaris (ulna)

A

⮚ Eq: absent
⮚ Ru: absent
⮚ Ca: present on the lateral aspect of the trochlea radii

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Collum radii (radius)

A

⮚ Eq: not distinct
⮚ Ru: not distinct
⮚ Ca: distinct, separates the caput and corpus radii

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Number of carpal bones (carpus)

A

⮚ Eq: 7/8 carpal bones present (C1 usually absent)
⮚ Ru: 6 carpal bones present (C1 is absent, C2 and C3 are fused)
⮚ Ca: 7 carpal bones present (Cr and Ci are fused)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Os sesamoideum m. abductoris digiti longi (carpus)

A

⮚ Eq: absent
⮚ Ru: absent
⮚ Ca: present right next to os carpi ulnare for attachment of muscle for movement of first

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Number of metacarpal bones (Metacarpus)

A

⮚ Eq: only the 3rd metacarpal bone (cannon bone) is fully developed
⮚ Ru: 3rd and 4th metacarpal bones are fused proximally but separate distally ; 2nd and 5th bones are very small (dewclaws)
⮚ Ca: 3rd and 4th metacarpal bones are the longest, 2nd and 5th are shorter and 1st is the shortest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Number of phalanges (phalanx)

A

⮚ Eq: only the 3rd digit presents
⮚ Ru: 3rd and 4th digits present
⮚ Ca: all digits present ; 1st digit has Ph1 and Ph3 present only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Trigonum phalangis proximalis (phalanx)

A

⮚ Eq: present
⮚ Ru: absent
⮚ Ca: absent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Processus extensorius in phalanx media (phalanx)

A

⮚ Eq: present, extends dorsally
⮚ Ru: present, extends dorsally
⮚ Ca: absent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Tuberositas flexoria (phalanx)

A

⮚ Eq: present on the palmar aspect of the phalanx media
⮚ Ru: present on the palmar aspect of the phalanx media
⮚ Ca: absent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Tuberculum flexorium (phalanx)

A

⮚ Eq: absent , facies flexoria present instead.
⮚ Ru: present in the phalanx distalis for attachment of the deep flexor tendon
⮚ Ca: present in the phalanx distalis for attachment of the deep flexor tendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Divided/undivided facies lunata in the acetabulum (pelvis)

A

⮚ Eq: facies lunata is undivided ; fossa acetabuli is elongated
⮚ Ru: facies lunata has a pars major and minor ; has a cranioventral notch (between os ilium and pubis)
⮚ Ca: facies lunata is undivided ; fossa acetabuli is almost circular in shape (os acetabuli present - middle of the union of the other bones)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Shape of crista iliaca (pelvis)

A

⮚ Eq: concave and thin
⮚ Ru: concave and thin
⮚ Ca: convex and thick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

Shape of ala ossis ilii (pelvis)

A

⮚ Eq: horizontal/ lateral
⮚ Ru: horizontal/ lateral (small ruminants: dorsolateral)
⮚ Ca: sagittal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

Number of lineae gluteae (pelvis)

A

⮚ Eq: 1 present
⮚ Ru: 1 present
⮚ Ca: 3 present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

Shape of spina ischiadica (pelvis)

A

⮚ Eq: low and thickened
⮚ Ru: tall and sharp
⮚ Ca: low and thickened

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

Tuberculum m. psoas minoris (pelvis)

A

⮚ Eq: present
⮚ Ru: present
⮚ Ca: not present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

Shape of tuber ischiadicum (pelvis)

A

⮚ Eq: linear thickening
⮚ Ru: triangular shaped
⮚ Ca: linear thickening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

Arcus ischiadicus (pelvis)

A

⮚ Eq: shallow and irregular
⮚ Ru: broad and deep
⮚ Ca: broad and deep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

Solum pelvis osseum (pelvic floor) [pelvis]

A

⮚ Eq: flat and vertical
⮚ Ru: deeply concave
⮚ Ca: concave but less deeply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

Trochanter tertius (Femur)

A

⮚Eq: present on the lateral side
⮚ Ru: absent
⮚ Ca: absent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

Fovea capitis (Femur)

A

⮚ Eq: wedge shaped and medially located
⮚ Ru: absent
⮚ Ca: circular and centrally located

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

Collum (Femur)

A

⮚ Eq: not distinct
⮚ Ru: not distinct
⮚ Ca: distinct (and pigs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

Trochanter major divided/undivided, higher/lower than the caput (Femur)

A

⮚ Eq: divided into pars cranialis and caudalis ; higher than the caput ossis femoris (head)
⮚ Ru: undivided ; higher than the caput
⮚ Ca: undivided ; on the same level as the caput (and pigs)
⮚ Fe: lower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

Crista intertrochanterica (Femur)

A

⮚ Eq: steep angle down
⮚ Ru: from trochanter major to trochanter minor
⮚ Ca: from trochanter major to trochanter minor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

Fossa supracondylaris (Femur)

A

⮚ Eq: deep
⮚ Ru: shallow
⮚ Ca: shallow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

Facies articularis sesamoidea medialis et lateralis (Femur)

A

⮚ Eq: not present
⮚ Ru: not present
⮚ Ca: present, flat surfaces above the condylus medialis and lateralis for articulation with the medial/ lateral sesamoid bones

78
Q

Tuberculum trochleae ossis femoris

A

⮚ Eq: present as a medial nodular protuberance on the proximal end of the trochlea
⮚ Ru: not present
⮚ Ca: not present

79
Q

Fibrocartilago parapatellaris (patella)

A

⮚ Eq: partly cartilaginous, faces medially
⮚ Ru: partly cartilaginous, faces medially
⮚ Ca: not present

80
Q

Shape of patella (patella)

A

⮚ Eq: almost rhombus shaped
⮚ Ru: almost diamond shaped, the apex is sharp
⮚ Ca: oval in shape

81
Q

Fibula

A

⮚ Eq: proximal extremity extends like a splint bone, distal extremity is fused with the tibia ; forms a moveable joint with the facies articularis capitis ⮚ Ru: usually underdeveloped, reduced to an independent os malleolare ; fibular head is fused with the lateral condyle of the tibia ⮚ Ca: extends distally past the cochlea

82
Q

Spatium interosseum cruris (Fibula)

A

⮚ Eq: present only proximally
⮚ Ru: space varies, can be totally absent (if fibula shaft is undeveloped)
⮚ Ca: narrows distally

83
Q

Sulcus tuberositas tibiae (Fibula)

A

⮚ Eq: present
⮚ Ru: absent
⮚ Ca: absent

84
Q

Facies articularis for os malleolaris (Fibula)

A

⮚ Eq: absent
⮚ Ru: present
⮚ Ca: absent ; fibula articulates with the tibia at the facies articularis malleoli (incisura fibularis also present)

85
Q

Number of tarsal bones

A

⮚ Eq: 6 (T1 [os cuneiforme mediale] and T2 [os cuneiforme intermedium] are fused)
⮚ Ru: 5 (os tarsi cen
trale [os naviculare] and T4 [os cuboideum], T2 [os cuneiforme intermedium] and T3 [os cuneiform laterale] are fused) ⮚ Ca: 7

86
Q

Trochlea tali dividied/ undivided (talus)

A

⮚ Eq: divided (lat, med) ; dividing line goes laterally (/ obliquely)
⮚ Ru: divided (prox, dist) ; dividing line is usually straight
⮚ Ca: undivided ; dividing line is not very distinct

87
Q

Trochlea tali proximalis/distalis

A

⮚ Eq: not present
⮚ Ru: present for articulation with tibia, fibula/ os tarsi centrale and tarsale IV
⮚ Ca: not present

88
Q

Sulcus calcanei

A

⮚ Eq: present
⮚ Ru: absent
⮚ Ca: present

89
Q

Intermediate tarsal bone

A

⮚ Eq: fused with the talus
⮚ Ru: fused with the talus
⮚ Ca: absent

90
Q

calcaneal tuberosity (calcaneus)

A

⮚ Eq: calcaneal tuberosity is very pronounced and its proximal surface is marked by a groove
⮚ Ru: calcaneal tuberosity is expanded and the proximal aspect is roughened and hollowed by a shallow groove
⮚ Ca: absent

91
Q

Structures within the trochlea of the metatarsus

A

⮚ Eq: crista sagittalis present
⮚ Ru: inscisura intertrochlearis present ; additional sesamoid bone present proximal to the third metatarsal bone
⮚ Ca: -

92
Q

Crista nuchae (Os occipitale)

A

⮚Eq: present on the lamina externa of the squamous part
⮚ Ru: absent, has a linea nuchae instead
⮚ Ca: present on the lamina externa of the squamous part

93
Q

Processes tentoricus (Os occipitale)

A

⮚ Eq: present, at the protuberentia occipitalis interna
⮚ Ru: not present
⮚ Ca: present, at the protuberentia occipitalis interna

94
Q

Processus paracondylaris size (Os occipitale)

A

⮚ Eq: long
⮚ Ru: long
⮚ Ca: short
⮚ Su: elongated

95
Q

Canalis n. hypoglossi size (Os occipitale)

A

⮚ Eq: wide ; almost under the condylus
⮚ Ru: small (sometimes double in the ox) ; almost under the condylus
⮚ Ca: small ; in front of the condylus

96
Q

Foreman lacerum (Os occipitale)

A

⮚ Eq: present immediately ahead of the tuberculum musculare
⮚ Ru: absent
⮚ Ca: absent

97
Q

incisura spinosa

A

⮚ Eq: present
⮚ Ru: absent
⮚ Ca: absent

98
Q

incisura ovalis

A

⮚ Eq: present
⮚ Ru: absent
⮚ Ca: asbent

99
Q

incisura carotica

A

⮚ Eq: present
⮚ Ru: absent
⮚ Ca: asbent

100
Q

foramen spinosa

A

⮚ Eq: absent
⮚ Ru: present
⮚ Ca: present

101
Q

foramen ovale

A

⮚ Eq: absent
⮚ Ru: present
⮚ Ca: present

102
Q

foramen caroticum

A

⮚ Eq: absent
⮚ Ru: absent
⮚ Ca: present

103
Q

Sinus sphenoidales (os sphenoidale)

A

⮚ Eq: present
⮚ Ru: absent in small, present in large
⮚ Ca: absent

104
Q

Foramen rotundum location (os sphenoidale)

A

⮚ Eq: lies below the fissura orbitalis
⮚ Ru: fissura orbitalis and foramen rotundum unite to form foramen orbitorotundum
⮚ Ca: lies below the fissura orbitalis

105
Q

foramen orbitorotundum (os sphenoidale)

A

⮚ Eq: absent
⮚ Ru: present
⮚ Ca: absent

106
Q

fissura orbitalis (os sphenoidale)

A

⮚ Eq: present
⮚ Ru: absent
⮚ Ca: present

107
Q

Connection with the orbit (os sphenoidale)

A

⮚ Eq: neural grooves present ; sulcus n. maxillaris leads to foramen rotundum and sulcus n. opthalmici communicates with the fissura orbitalis
⮚ Ru: sulcus nn. opthalmici et maxillaries present – connects to foramen rotundum
⮚ Ca: neural grooves present (less distinct than in Eq) ; sulcus n. maxillaris leads to foramen rotundum and sulcus n. opthalmici communicates with the fissura orbitalis

108
Q

Unification of the two parietal bones (Os parietale)

A

⮚ Eq: united in front at the suture sagittalis ; enclosed by the margo interparietalis
⮚ Ru: suture sagittalis is absent, instead os interparietale extends to the frontal bone and completely separates the parietal bones
⮚ Ca: united in front at the suture sagittalis ; enclosed by the margo interparietalis

109
Q

linea temporalis (Os parietale)

A

⮚ Eq: absent
⮚ Ru: present in small Ru, absent in cattle
⮚ Ca: present

110
Q

Tuberculum musculare (Os parietale)

A

⮚ Eq: no protuberance, just a roughened surface
⮚ Ru: protuberance present
⮚ Ca: protuberance present

111
Q

Fissura petrooccipitalis

A

⮚ Eq: present rostral to the foramen jugulare, medial to the bulla tympanica
⮚ Ru: absent
⮚ Ca: absent ; sutura occipitotemporalis

112
Q

Canalis interincisuvis (mandibule)

A

⮚ Eq: present
⮚ Ru: absent, fissura interincisuvis present instead
⮚ Ca: present

113
Q

Carnassial tooth (mandibule)

A

⮚ Eq: absent
⮚ Ru: absent
⮚ Ca: present (largest tooth)

114
Q

Tuberositas musculi sternomandibularis (mandibule)

A

⮚ Eq: present, dorsal to the angulus mandibularis
⮚ Ru: absent
⮚ Ca: absent

115
Q

fissura interincisuvis (mandibule)

A

⮚ Eq: absent
⮚ Ru: present
⮚ Ca: absent

116
Q

Processus angularis (mandibule)

A

⮚ Eq: absent
⮚ Ru: absent
⮚ Ca: present

117
Q

Foramen mentale (mandibule)

A

⮚ Eq: singular foramen present
⮚ Ru: singular foramen present
⮚ Ca: two foramina mentalia present

118
Q

Crista mandibulae rostralis/ caudalis (mandibule)

A

⮚ Eq: absent
⮚ Ru: absent
⮚ Ca: present, houses the fossa masseterica

119
Q

Processus lingualis (Os hyoideum)

A

⮚ Eq: present rostral to the basihyoideum ; longer than in Ru
⮚ Ru: present rostral to the basihyoideum
⮚ Ca: absent

120
Q

Cartilago stylohyoideum (Os hyoideum)

A

⮚ Eq: absent
⮚ Ru: absent
⮚ Ca: present, divides the epihyoideum and stylohyoideum

121
Q

Angulus stylohyoideus (Os hyoideum)

A

⮚ Eq: present
⮚ Ru: present
⮚ Ca: absent

122
Q

Sella turcica (Os sphenoidale)

A

⮚ Eq: absent – no dorsum sellae
⮚ Ru: present, made up of fossa hypophysialis and dorsum sellae
⮚ Ca: present, made up of fossa hypophysialis and dorsum sellae

123
Q

Sulcus n. ophtalmici and maxillaris (Os sphenoidale)

A

⮚ Eq: separate (ophtalmici is medial and maxillaris is lateral)
⮚ Ru: together (sulcus nn. ophtalmici et maxillaris for passage through foramen orbitorotundum)
⮚ Ca: separate (ophtalmici is medial and maxillaris is lateral)

124
Q

sulcus n. caroticus (Os sphenoidale)

A

⮚ Eq: present
⮚ Ru: absent
⮚ Ca: present

125
Q

Processus cornualis

A

⮚ Eq: absent
⮚ Ru: present (horns)
⮚ Ca: absent

126
Q

Crista galli (Os ethmoidale)

A

⮚ Eq: distinct
⮚ Ru: distinct
⮚ Ca: low and poorly developed

127
Q

Sinus sphenoidalis (Os ethmoidale)

A

⮚ Eq: contains only a singular, large sinus sphenopalatinus
⮚ Ru: contains sinus sphenoidalis split into two
⮚ Ca: contains sinus sphenoidalis split into two

128
Q

Processus styloideus (Os temporale: Pars petrosa)

A

⮚ Eq: present
⮚ Ru: present
⮚ Ca: absent

129
Q

Tuberculum articulare (Os temporale: Pars squamous)

A

⮚Eq: present
⮚ Ru: very low
⮚ Ca: absent

130
Q

Processus retroarticularis (Os temporale: Pars squamous)

A

⮚ Eq: present
⮚ Ru: low
⮚ Ca: raised

131
Q

Foramen stylomastoideum (Os temporale: Pars squamous)

A

⮚ Eq: present between processus styloideus and mastoideus
⮚ Ru: present between processus styloideus and mastoideus
⮚ Ca: present between pars tympanica and processus masteoideus

132
Q

Crista partis petrosae (Os temporale: Pars squamous)

A

⮚ Eq: present (oblique, caudally directed crest on the upper border of the medial surface)
⮚ Ru: indistinct (absent in small)
⮚ Ca: present

133
Q

Processus muscularis shape (Os temporale: Pars squamous)

A

⮚ Eq: long rod
⮚ Ru: long rod with broad base
⮚ Ca: insignificant short thorn

134
Q

Canalis alaris

A

⮚ Eq: present
⮚ Ru: absent
⮚ Ca: present

135
Q

Lig.orbitale

A

ca – have
eq – missing
bo – missing

136
Q

Crista nuchae

A

ca – have
eq – have
bo – missing, but have linea nuchae instead.

137
Q

Linea nuchae

A

ca – missing
eq – missing
bo – have

138
Q

Crista saggitalis externa

A

ca – have
eq – have
bo – missing

139
Q

Foramen lacerum

A

ca – missing
eq – have
bo – missing

140
Q

Fissura petroocipitalis

A

ca – have
eq – missing
bo – have

141
Q

Tentorium cerebelli osseum

A

ca – have
eq – have
bo – missing

142
Q

Protuberantia occipitalis interna

A

ca – missing
eq – missing
bo – have

143
Q

Eminentia cruciformis

A

ca – missing
eq – missing
bo – have

144
Q

Crista partis petrosae

A

ca – have
eq – have
bo – missing

145
Q

Canalis condylaris

A

ca – have
eq – missing
bo – have

146
Q

Processus tentoricus

A

ca – have
eq – have
bo – missing

147
Q

Tuberculum pharyngeum

A

ca – have
eq – missing
bo – missing

148
Q

Dorsum sellae

A

ca – have
eq – missing
bo – have

149
Q

Sulcus caroticus

A

ca – have
eq – have
bo – missing

150
Q

Foramen rotundum

A

ca – have
eq – have
bo – missing

151
Q

Fissura orbitalis

A

ca – have
eq – have
bo – missing

152
Q

Foramen orbitorotundum

A

ca – missing
eq – missing
bo – have

153
Q

Incisura carotica

A

ca – missing, have instead foramen caroticum.
eq – have
bo – missing

154
Q

Foramen ovale

A

ca – have
eq – missing
bo – have

155
Q

Incisura ovalis

A

ca – missing
eq – have
bo – missing

156
Q

Foramen spinosum

A

ca – have
eq – missing
bo – missing

157
Q

Incisura spinosa

A

ca – missing
eq – have
bo – missing

158
Q

Sulcus n. ophthalmici

A

ca – have
eq – have
bo – missing

159
Q

Sulcus n. maxillaris

A

ca – have
eq – have
bo – missing

160
Q

Sulcus nn. ophthalmici et maxillaris

A

ca – missing
eq – missing
bo – have

161
Q

Canalis alaris

A

ca – have
eq – have
bo – missing

162
Q

Foramen alara parvum

A

ca – missing
eq – have
bo – missing

163
Q

Crista pterygoidea

A

ca – missing
eq – have
bo – have

164
Q

Incisura ethmoidalis

A

ca – missing
eq – have
bo – missing

165
Q

Foramen supraorbitalis

A

ca – missing
eq – have
bo – missing, have instae canalis supraorbitalis.

166
Q

Fossa glandulae lacrimalis

A

ca – missing
eq – have
bo – have

167
Q

Foramen ethmoidale

A

ca – foramina ethmoidale: many foramens instead of a single one.
eq – have
bo – have

168
Q

Processus cornualis

A

ca – missing
eq – missing
bo – have

169
Q

Impressio n. trigemini

A

ca – missing, have canalis n. trigemini instead.
eq – have
bo – have

170
Q

Crista partis petrosae

A

ca – have
eq – have
bo – missing

171
Q

Fossa subarcuata

A

ca – have
eq – missing
bo – missing

172
Q

Processus styloideus

A

ca – missing
eq – have
bo – have

173
Q

Vagina processus styloidei

A

ca – missing
eq – have
bo – have

174
Q

Canalis caroticus

A

ca – have
eq – missing
bo – missing

175
Q

Processus frontalis

A

ca – have
eq – missing
bo – have

176
Q

Processus lacrimalis rostralis

A

ca – missing
eq – have
bo – missing

177
Q

Processus lacrimalis caudalis

A

ca – missing
eq – have
bo – have

178
Q

Bulla lacrimalis

A

ca – missing
eq – missing
bo – have

179
Q

Canalis interincisivus

A

ca – have
eq – have
bo – missing, have insteaed fissura interincisiva.

180
Q

Tuber faciale

A

ca – missing
eq – missing
bo – have

181
Q

Canalis maxilloincisivus

A

ca – have
eq – have
bo – missing

182
Q

Processus frontalis

A

ca – have
eq – missing
bo – missing

183
Q

Spina nasalis caudalis

A

ca – have
eq – missing
bo – missing

184
Q

Canales palatini minores

A

ca – have
eq – missing
bo – have

185
Q

Foramina palatina minora

A

ca – have
eq – missing
bo – have

186
Q

Incisura vasorum facialium

A

ca – missing
eq – have
bo – have

187
Q

Processus angularis

A

ca – have
eq – missing
bo – missing

188
Q

Tuberositas m. sternomandibularis

A

ca – missing
eq – have
bo – missing

189
Q

Angulus stylohyoideus

A

ca – missing
eq – have
bo – have

190
Q

Processus lingualis

A

ca – missing
eq – have
bo – have

Interspecies differences - bones, muscles and ligaments (ca-eq-bo) (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions