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Bones > Bones > Flashcards

Bones Flashcards

1
Q

What do bones do?

A
  1. Provide framework for the muscles to attach too
  2. protect internal organs of the body
  3. Provides storage for minerals and the production of red and white blood cells
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2
Q

What is a bone?

A

Semi-rigid calcified tissue that makes up the structure of our skeleton. Bone is formed out of multiple stacked layers of periosteum, compact bone, and Sponey bone.

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3
Q

Compact bone is…

A

Has ivory appearance. It is heavy dense, strong and thickest at the bones weakest point, usually at the centre of the shaft (in long bones)

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4
Q

Sponey bone is ….

A

A honeycombed appearance, it is strong and hard without the weight of compact bone. It is mainly found in the ends of bones.

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5
Q

Periosteum is..

A

The membrane of connective tissue that lines the outer surface of all bones; it houses the nerves, and blood vessels that innervate and nourish the underlying bone and acts as an attachment for tendons and ligaments.

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6
Q

Osteoblasts are..

A

Located on the bone surface,these cells BUILD new bone tissue

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7
Q

Osteoclasts are…

A

Located on the bone surface, these cells BREAK DOWN OLD TISSUE

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8
Q

Osteocytes

A

Located within the bone, these cells are derived from osteoblasts. The osteocytes sense when strain is applied to the bone and direct the osteoclasts to dissolve weakened bone so that it can be replaced.

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9
Q

What are the key functions of the bone?

A
  1. Allow muscles to attach to it
  2. Protect internal organs
  3. House minerals and help the production of red and white blood cells
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10
Q

Anterior is..

A

The front

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11
Q

Prosterior is…

A

The back

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12
Q

Superior is ..

A

Towards the head

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13
Q

Inferior is…

A

Towards the feet

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14
Q

Lateral is..

A

Toward the side/outside

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15
Q

Medial is …

A

Toward the midline/inside

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16
Q

Proximal is..

A

Nearer the trunk

17
Q

Distal is..

A

Further from the trunk

18
Q

Prone is..

A

Face down

19
Q

Supine is..

A

Face up

20
Q

Superficial is..

A

Nearer to the surface

21
Q

Deep is..

A

Further from the surface

22
Q

Axial skeleton is..

A
  • Made up of 3 parts: the skull, vertebral column and bony thorax
  • 80 bones make up the axial, 76 form the long centre line of the body
23
Q

Bony thorax..

A

Consists of 12 pairs of ribs.

Top ten pairs are joined to the sternum at the anterior and the thoracic vertebrae at the posterior.

24
Q

Vertebal column (spine) is made up of..

A

7 cervical, 12 thoracic and 5 lumbar vertebrae

25
Q

C1 &C2 are..

A

Atlas and axis. They connect to the skull to form the neck joint which links the head to the body

26
Q

Intervertebral joints..

A

Are the joints between each vertebrae in the cervical, thoracic and lumbar regions. interviewable disc, This tough fibrous disc acts as a shock absorber for loads of forces transmitted through the spine.

27
Q

Appendicular skeleton consists of..

A

Limbs. The pelvic and shoulder girdles that join the limbs to the axial skeleton.

28
Q

what does the skeleton do?

A
  1. Support: provides framework to support organs and tissues of the body
  2. protection: protects the internal organs
  3. Movement- Provides base for the attachment of muscles and by doing so allows movement by muscles pulling on articulating bones which act as levers.
  4. Supply and storage: Bones are a source of both red and white blood cells which are formed within bone marrow.
29
Q

What types of bones are there in the skeleton?

A
  • Long
  • Short
  • Flat
  • Irregular
  • Sesamoid bones
30
Q

long bone is..

A

eg. FEMUR, Shaft that’s greater in length than width, they are made of compact and cancellous bone

31
Q

short bone is…

A

eg. CARPALS, Cube shaped have thin layer of compact bone surrounding cancellous interior.

32
Q

Flat bone is..

A

eg. SCAPULA, thin and generally curved, with two parallel layers of compact bone sandwiching a layer of cancellous bone

33
Q

Irregular bone is..

A

eg. PEVLIS&VERTEBRAE, complex shapes. Thin layers of compact bone surrounding cancellous bone.

34
Q

Sesamoid bone is..

A

eg. PATELLA, commonly known as the knee cap are bones embedded in tendons. They act to hold the tendon further away from the joint, the angle of the tendon is increased and thus the force the muscle can generate is increased.

35
Q

List five types of bones found in the skeleton and give example of each

A
  • Long- femur
  • Short-carpals
  • Flat-scapula
  • Irregular - pelvis or vertebrae
  • Sesamoid-paatella

Bones (2 decks)

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