Bones Flashcards
Nasal bones
Form the upper part of the bridge of the bridge of the nose
Zygomatic bones
The cheekbone
Maxillary bones
Form most of the upper jaw - also known as the maxillae
Palatine bones
Form the anterior (front) part of the hard palate of the mouth and the floor of the mouth
Ankyl/o
Crooked, bent, stiff
Arthr/o
Joint
Burs/o
Bursa
Chondr/i/o
Cartilage
Cost/o
Rib
-desis
To bind, tie together
Kyph/o
Bent, hump
Lord/o
Curve, swayback, bent
-lysis
Loosening, or setting free
Myel/o
Spinal cord, or bone marrow
Oss/e, oss/i, ost/o, oste/o
Bone
Scoli/o
Curved, bent
Spondyl/o
Vertebrae, vertebral column, backbone
Synovi/o, synov/o
Synovial membrane, synovial fluid
Ossification
The process of cartilage and membranes turning to bones
Osteoclasts
Break down old or damaged bone
Osteoblasts
Help rebuildbone
Periosteum
Tough, fibrous tissue that forms the outermost covering of the bone
Compact bone / cortical bone
Dense, hard, and very strong bone that forms the protective outer layer of bones
Spongy bone / cancellous bone
Porous, lighter and weaker than compact bone
Medullary cavity
Central cavity located in the shaft of long bones - surrounded by compact bones
Endosteum
Tissue that lines the medullary cavity
Red bone marrow
Located within the spongy bone - hemopoietic tissue that manufactures red blood cells, hemoglobin, white blood cells, and thrombocytes
Hemopoietic / hematopoietic
Pertaining to the formation of blood cells
Yellow bone marrow
Functions as fat storage area
Cartilage
Smooth, rubbery, blue-white connective tissue / shock absorber between bones
Articular cartilage
Protects bones from rubbing against one another - covers the surfaces of bones where they come together
Meniscus
Curved, fibrous cartilage found in some joints - the knee and jaw
Diaphysis
Shaft of a long bone
Epiphyses
The wider ends of long bones
Foramen
Foh-RAY-men
Opening in a bone through which blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments pass
Process
Normal projection on the surface of the bone that most commonly serves as an attachment for muscle or tendion
Mastoid process
Bony projection located on the temporal bones just behind the ears
Articulations
Joints - place of union between two or more bones
Fibrous joints
Inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, holds the bones tightly together
Fontanelles
Fon-tah-NELLS
Soft spots, normally presented on a newborn
Cartilaginous joints
Allow only slight movement and consist entirely by cartilage
Pubic symphysis
Allows some movement to facilitate child birth
Synovial joints
Created where two bones articulate (come together) to permit a variety of motions
Ball-and-socket joints
Hips, and shoulders allow wide range of movement in many directions
Hinge joints
Knees, and elbows, are synovial joints that allow movement primarily in one direction or plane
Synovial capsule
Outermost layer of strong fibrous tissue that resembles a sleeve as it surrounds the joint
Synovial membrane
Lines the capsule and secretes synovial fluid
Synovial fluid
Flows within the synovial cavity, acts as a lubricant to make the smooth movement of joint possible
Ligaments
Bands of fibrous tissue that form joints by connecting one bone to another, or by joining cartilage
Bursa
Fibrous sac that acts as a cushion to ease movement in areas that are subject to friction
Axial skeleton
Protects the major organs of the nervous, respiratory, and circulatory systems
80 bones of the head and body
1. Bones of the skull
2. The ossicles - middle ear
3. Hyoid bone - throat between the chin and thyroid
4. Rib cage
5. Vertebral column
Appendicular skeleton
Makes body movement possible and protects the organs of digestion, excretion, and reproduction
126 bones
1. Upper extremities - shoulders, arms, forearms, wrists and hands
2. Lower extremities - hips, thighs, legs, ankles, and feet
Appendage
Anything attached to a major part of the body
