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Bones And Muscles > Bones > Flashcards

Bones Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones are in the human body?

A

206

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2
Q

What makes up the skeletal system?

A

Bones, cartilage, and ligaments

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3
Q

What are the functions of the skeletal system?

A 
Structural support
Protection
Movement
Mineral storage and release
Hemopoiesis
Energy storage
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4
Q

What are the three different types of cartilage?

A

Hyaline
Fibro
Elastic

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5
Q

What are some bipedal skeletal modifications?

A

plantigrade: walking heel to toe
digitigrade: walking on toes
Knees angled medially and llock
Bowl shaped pelvis to support insides
Curved spine for center of gravity
Narrow birth canal

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6
Q

What is the difference between male and female pelvises?

A

Male have an inward facing coccyx and a 90 degree arch

Female have an outward facing coccyx and a 120 degree arch

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7
Q

What happens in Cortical (Compact) Bone tissue?

A

Canaliculi bring nutrients and excretes waste

Lacunae make blood cells in the osteocytes

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8
Q

Describe Cancellous (Spongy) Bone

A

It is lighter and more susceptible to breaks

Found in carpals, tarsals, and at the end of long bones

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9
Q

Trabeculae

A

Porous struts made of collagen in the spongy bone

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10
Q

Bone Deposition

A

Done by osteoblasts and calcitonin

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11
Q

Bone Reabsorption

A

Done by osteoclasts and parathyroid hormone

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12
Q

Periosteum

A

Dense layer of vascular CT enveloping bones (except at joint surfaces)q

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13
Q

Epiphysis

A

Proximal and distal end of the bone

Spongy bone covered with a thin layer of compact bones

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14
Q

Diaphysis

A

Shaft
Made of compact bone
Marrow cavity (myeloid tissue)

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15
Q

Metaphysis

A

Between epiphysis and diaphysis

Contains epiphyseal growth plate

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16
Q

What happens to calcium levels in the hypocalcemic?

A

Parathyroid hormone will trigger osteoclasts to release calcium from the bone to restore calcium to homeostatic levels

17
Q

Cofactor

A

A molecule needed for a reaction to work

Ex: Mg is Ca’s cofactor

18
Q

What are the stages of fracture healing?

A

1st: Hematoma will form granulation tissue by tissues
2nd: Soft callus forms by the deposition of collagen and fibrocartilage
3rd: Hard callus forms when osteoblasts deposit a bony collar to unite the fracture while the injury ossifies
4th: Remodeling occurs when osteoclasts come and remove fragments and osteoblasts deposit spongy bone that will convert to compact bone

19
Q

Greenstick Fracture

A

Incomplete break on a convex surface

20
Q

Fissured Fracture

A

Incomplete longitudinal break

21
Q

Comminuted Fracture

A

Broken into pieces

22
Q

Transverse Fracture

A

Complete break at the axis of the bone at a 90 degree angle

23
Q

Oblique Fracture

A

Break at an angle other than 90 degrees

24
Q

Spiral Fracture

A

Break caused by twisting of the bone

Bones And Muscles (3 decks)

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