Bones

Question 1

Osteology

Answer 1

Study of bone structure and the treatment of bone diseases

Question 2

7 tissues that work together to form bone

Answer 2

Bone tissue
Cartilage 
Dense connective tissue 
Epithelium 
Blood forming tissues
Adipose tissue
Nervous tissue

Question 3

6 functions of bone

Answer 3

Support
Protection 
Assistance in movement 
Mineral homeostasis
Blood cell production
Triglyceride storage

Question 4

Support

Answer 4

The skeleton provides a structural framework for the body by supporting soft tissues and providing points of attachment for the tendons of most skeletal muscles

Question 5

Protection

Answer 5

Protects many internal organs from injury

Skull protects the brain

Question 6

Assistance in movement

Answer 6

Most skeletal muscles connected bones, when muscles contract, they pull on bones, which produces movement

Question 7

Mineral homeostasis

Answer 7

Bone stores minerals and releases them into the bloodstream to maintain critical mineral balance

Question 8

Blood cell production

Answer 8

Red bone marrow produces red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets (process called hemopoiesis)

Question 9

Triglyceride storage

Answer 9

Yellow bone marrow consist mainly of adipose cells, which store triglyceride

Question 10

Red bone marrow

Answer 10

Function- produce red, white blood cells and platelets during hemopoiesis
Composition – developing cells, adipocytes, fibroblasts and microphages
Location – present in developing bones of fetus and adult bones (pelvis/ribs/sternum/vertebrae/skull/end of arm and thigh bones)

Question 11

Yellow bone marrow

Answer 11

Function – stores triglycerides
Composition – a few blood cells
Location – red turns to yellow with age

Question 12

4 main types of bones based on shape

Answer 12

Long
Short
Flat
Irregular

Question 13

Long bones

Answer 13

Greater length than width and consist of a shaft and a variable number of ends. Somewhat curved for strength (femur)

Question 14

Short bones

Answer 14

Somewhat cube shaped and nearly equal in length and width

Wrist and ankle

Question 15

Flat bones

Answer 15

Thin, provide considerable protection and provide extensive services for muscle attachment
(Cranial bones/sternum/ribs)

Question 16

Irregular bones

Answer 16

Have complex shapes and cannot be grouped into any previous categories
(facial bones/vertebrae)

Question 17

Parts of long bone

Answer 17

Diaphysis
Epiphysis
Metaphyses
Articular cartilage 
Periosteum 
Medullary cavity
Endosteum

Question 18

Diaphysis

Answer 18

Bones shaft/body

Long/cylindrical, main portion of the bone

Question 19

Epiphyses

Answer 19

Distal and proximal ends of the bone

Question 20

Metaphyses

Answer 20

Regions in a mature bone where the diaphysis joins the epiphysis. In a growing bone, each metaphysis contains a growth plate, when growing stops, Cartilage is replaced by bone

Question 21

Articular cartilage

Answer 21

Thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering the part of the epiphysis where the bone forms a joint with another bone

Question 22

periosteum

Answer 22

Tough shelf of dense irregular connective tissue you and it’s associated blood vessels that surround the bones surface. Helps bone grow in width/protect bone/attaches to ligaments and tendons

Question 23

Medullary cavity

Answer 23

(Marrow cavity) hollow/cylindrical space within the diaphysis that contains fatty yellow bone in adults

Question 24

Endosteum

Answer 24

A thin membrane that lines the medullary cavity. It contains a single layer of bone forming cells