Bones Flashcards
Osteology
Study of bone structure and the treatment of bone diseases
7 tissues that work together to form bone
Bone tissue Cartilage Dense connective tissue Epithelium Blood forming tissues Adipose tissue Nervous tissue
6 functions of bone
Support Protection Assistance in movement Mineral homeostasis Blood cell production Triglyceride storage
Support
The skeleton provides a structural framework for the body by supporting soft tissues and providing points of attachment for the tendons of most skeletal muscles
Protection
Protects many internal organs from injury
Skull protects the brain
Assistance in movement
Most skeletal muscles connected bones, when muscles contract, they pull on bones, which produces movement
Mineral homeostasis
Bone stores minerals and releases them into the bloodstream to maintain critical mineral balance
Blood cell production
Red bone marrow produces red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets (process called hemopoiesis)
Triglyceride storage
Yellow bone marrow consist mainly of adipose cells, which store triglyceride
Red bone marrow
Function- produce red, white blood cells and platelets during hemopoiesis
Composition – developing cells, adipocytes, fibroblasts and microphages
Location – present in developing bones of fetus and adult bones (pelvis/ribs/sternum/vertebrae/skull/end of arm and thigh bones)
Yellow bone marrow
Function – stores triglycerides
Composition – a few blood cells
Location – red turns to yellow with age
4 main types of bones based on shape
Long
Short
Flat
Irregular
Long bones
Greater length than width and consist of a shaft and a variable number of ends. Somewhat curved for strength (femur)
Short bones
Somewhat cube shaped and nearly equal in length and width
Wrist and ankle
Flat bones
Thin, provide considerable protection and provide extensive services for muscle attachment
(Cranial bones/sternum/ribs)
Irregular bones
Have complex shapes and cannot be grouped into any previous categories
(facial bones/vertebrae)
Parts of long bone
Diaphysis Epiphysis Metaphyses Articular cartilage Periosteum Medullary cavity Endosteum
Diaphysis
Bones shaft/body
Long/cylindrical, main portion of the bone
Epiphyses
Distal and proximal ends of the bone
Metaphyses
Regions in a mature bone where the diaphysis joins the epiphysis. In a growing bone, each metaphysis contains a growth plate, when growing stops, Cartilage is replaced by bone
Articular cartilage
Thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering the part of the epiphysis where the bone forms a joint with another bone
periosteum
Tough shelf of dense irregular connective tissue you and it’s associated blood vessels that surround the bones surface. Helps bone grow in width/protect bone/attaches to ligaments and tendons
Medullary cavity
(Marrow cavity) hollow/cylindrical space within the diaphysis that contains fatty yellow bone in adults
Endosteum
A thin membrane that lines the medullary cavity. It contains a single layer of bone forming cells
