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Chapter 5 Skeletal > Bones > Flashcards

Bones Flashcards

1
Q

What is osseous tissue?

A

another word for bone

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2
Q

What is part of the skeletal system?

A

bones, cartilages, ligaments

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3
Q

What is cartilage?

A

dense connective tissue made to reduce friction where bones articulate

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4
Q

What are ligaments

A

tough fibrous connective tissue that connect bones to other bones where joints are located

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5
Q

Functions of the skeleton

A

-support
-protection- skull, rib cage
-movement
-blood cell- red marrow
production
-mineral storage
homeostatis (normal calcium and phosphorus)

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6
Q

Name the parts the bone

A

-supporting connective tissue
-specialized cells
-solid matrix (bone itself)
-bone linings (line the bone)
periosteum (outer)
endosteum (inner)

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7
Q

What is osteogenic connective tissue? Can bone be added here?

A

periosteum and endosteum (bone can be added here)

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8
Q

What is fascia?

A

type of connective tissue that is an muscle attachment site and its part of the presidium

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9
Q

How thick is the endosteum?

A

one cell thick

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10
Q

What does the endosteum line?

A

the medullary cavity

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11
Q

What makes bone hard?

A

the mineral component does. aka the calcium phosphate (calcium phosphate becomes hydroxyapatite crystals)

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12
Q

What makes bone flexible?

A

collagen fibers (so that bone is not brittle)

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13
Q

What are osteocyte?

A

live inside the bone matrix, provide nutrients and keep bone tissue alive

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14
Q

What are osteoBlast?

A

bone building, secrete osteoid, one nucleus

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15
Q

what minerals do we need to build bone?

A

calcium and phosphorus

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16
Q

What do osteoblast become?

A

Osteoblast become osteocyte’s

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17
Q

What are osteoclast?

A

multiple nuclei, involved in bone removal

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18
Q

How is bone replacement called?

A

bone remodeling

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19
Q

What is bone remodeling?

A

COORDINATED removal and replacement of bone tissue by osteoclasts and osteoblast

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20
Q

When do we need to go through bone remodeling?

A

when we are
changing bone shape (exercise)
replacing old/damaged bone (over time)
releasing mineral stores

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21
Q

What are the steps of bone remodeling?

A

Resting phase –> RESORPTION osteoclast eats bone –> reversal –> DEPOSITION (osteoblasts) –> some of the osteoblasts get stuck become mineralize

22
Q

What is resorption?

A

Osteoclast eating away at bone

23
Q

What is deposition?

A

building bone by osteoblasts

24
Q

What do you need to go through bone remodeling?

A

essential nutrients, vitamins, hormones

25
Q

What hormone is involved with osteoclasts?

A

parathyroid

26
Q

What hormone is involved with osteoblast?

A

calcitonin

27
Q

Calcium level drops what do we do?

A
  • Parathyroid release parathyroid hormone
  • Bones release calcium via osteoclasts that eat the bone and release the calcium
  • kidneys will retain more calcium
  • intestine will absorb more calcium from food
28
Q

Calcium levels are too high what do we do?

A
  • Thyroid releases calcitonin
  • Osteoblasts make bone
  • Kidneys retain less calcium aka less uptake and release more of it in the urine
29
Q

What are the two types of bone?

A 
Compact bone (cortical bone) (denser less spaces)
Spongy bone (cacellous, tradecular bone) (lots of spaces)
30
Q

How is bone different?

A

Bone is made of the same things just organized differently

31
Q

What is the basic functional unit of bone?

A

osteon (long tubes of bones)

32
Q

What is compact bone out of?

A

osteon

33
Q

What are osteons made out of?

A

lamellae, osteons have a central canal to get nutrients,

34
Q

What is trabeculae?

A

makes spongy bone lightweight, tabeculae are branching plates

35
Q

Where is spongy bone found? where is compact bone fund?

A

Cortical bone is on the outside, spongy bone is on the inside

36
Q

Where is bone marrow located?

A

located in the spaces of the spongy bone

37
Q

Long bones have two ends. What is that called?

A

epiphysis (spongy bone)

38
Q

What is the body or shaft of the bone called?

A

diaphysis (cortical bone)

39
Q

What is metaphysics?

A

wide part of the diaphysis, where we add bone

40
Q

What is the Epiphyseal plate?

A

Line separating the diaphysis and epiphysis, made of cartilage

41
Q

What do you have on the surface of the epiphysis?

A

articular cartilage to decrease friction

42
Q

What is ossification/osteogenesis?

A

replacing the hyaline cartilage with bone (fetus)

43
Q

When calcium is deposited into the bone what is that called?

A 
ossification (2 types)
   intramembranous ossification or
   endochrondral ossification (limb development)
44
Q

What is Step 1 of bone development?

A
  • chondrocytes increase in size and some die

- cavities form

45
Q

What is Step 2 of bone development?

A
  • blood vessels bring nutrients
  • perichondrium converts to periosteum & into osteoblasts
  • osteods form bone collar
46
Q

What is Step 3 of bone development?

A
  • capillaries and osteoblasts go to the center

- spongy bone starts forming in the center

47
Q

What is step 4? of bone development?

A
  • increase in size

- diameter enlargement

48
Q

Step 5 of bone development?

A
  • secondary ossification changes start aka epiphysis changes

- osteoblasts come to allow bone building to happen after

49
Q

Step 6 of bone development?

A
  • epiphyseal plate forms
  • epiphyses fills with spongy bone
  • osteoblasts invade shaft and build bone as the cartilage is getting larger too
50
Q

Step 7 of bone development

A

-bone matures
-rate of epiphyseal cartilage enlargement decreases
-rate of osteoblasts activity increase
both things cause epiphyseal closure and only a epiphyseal line is left

51
Q

What is the articular cartilage made of?

A

remaining from all the cartilage in the epiphysis

52
Q

What are the 7 bone types?

A

flat bones- ex occipital bone
short bone- carpals (short bones are almost all spongy bone)
irregular bones- vertebrae
long bones- ex femur don’t forget the clavicle is a long bone (only long bone not in the limbs)
sesamoid bones- found at joints and form inside of TENDONS, reduce friction at a joint

Chapter 5 Skeletal (1 decks)

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