Bones Flashcards
0
Q
5 Classifications of bones
A
a) Long bones
b) Short bones
c) Flat bones
d) Irregular bones
e) Sesamoid bones
1
Q
Functions of skeletal system
A
- Protection - protects soft internal organs (heart)
- Support - endoskeleton provides framework
- Blood cell formation - (red&white blood cells) red bone marrow = hematopoeisis (formation of blood cells)
- Movement - skeletal muscles use bones as levers
- Storage - minerals like calcium and fat (yellow bone marrow)
2
Q
Epiphysis
A
(e = end)
- flared out end that joints with other bones
- Covered by articular cartilage
- Hyaline cartilage
- Decreases friction at the joint to allow bones to move easily
- Proximal (bigger) and distal epiphysis
3
Q
Diaphysis
A
- Middle straight long portion of the bone
- Surrounded by periosteum
4
Q
Periosteum
A
(around bone)
-protective fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the bone
5
Q
Medullary Cavity
A
- Hollow cavity of diaphysis
- Storage area
- Inside is red marrow, yellow marrow, and endosteum
6
Q
Red Marrow
A
Hematopoesis - creation of blood cells
- occurs in infants and children
- ONLY in flat bones for adults
7
Q
Yellow Marrow
A
Adipose tissue stored here
8
Q
Endosteum
A
Thin lining covering the cavity
-Contains bone forming cells = osteoblasts
9
Q
Types of bones
A
Compact and spongy
10
Q
Compact bone
A
- Found in diaphysis
- Made of osteocytes (live in lacunae)
- Osteocytes form around Haversian canals (layers = lamella)
- Haversian canals contain blood vessels and nerves
11
Q
Osteon
A
osteocytes surrounding Haversian canal
12
Q
Many osteons =
A
compact bone
13
Q
Canaliculi
A
run transversely through the diaphysis from Haversian canal to Haversian canal
14
Q
ECM
A
- Collagen fibers (flexibility) and minerals like calcium phosphate (hardness)
- Need mixture of both so bones dont shatter on impact
