Bones Flashcards
5 functions of bones
Protection, support, blood formation, storage, and leverage.
Protection
Rib cage–> heart and lungs
Skull–> brain
Blood formation and mineral storage
Minerals like calcium and prosperous are stored In the bones. Minerals are taken out of the bone and sent into the bloodstream when needed.
Long bones
Provide support and movement.
Short bones
Joints, provide comfort and mobility.
Irregular bones
Support and protect like the vertebrae of an animal.
Flat bones
protect organs like the skull.
Pneumatic bones
Contain air spaces called sinuses that are in contact with the atmosphere.
Sesamoid bones
Flat and round, located along course of tendons. Like the knee.
Cancellous
Spongy
Located at the end of long bones.
Compact
Outside of bone, surrounding bone material.
Inner layer of bone
Endosteum
Outer layer of bone
Periosteum
70% of bone is
Inorganic material, calcium and phosphorous.
30% of bone is
Organic
Collagen fibers and cells
Osteaoclast
Puts minerals into the bloodstream from bone.
Osteoblast
Forms new bone
Lays down a collagen matrix
Layer of periosteum and endosteum
osteocyte
Osteoblasts that get encased in the matrix
Sooo “retired osteoblasts.”
Fiberous joints
Joints that are brought together with dense connective tissue.
Found in skull.
Cartilage joints
Between pelvis and intervertebral disk.
Synovial joints
True moveable joints
ligaments
Connects bone to bone
Tendons
Muscle to bone
Synovial joints
Ball and socket
Hinge
Pivot
Flexion
Angle between bones get smaller
Extension
Angle between bones get bigger
Abduction
Part moved away from the body
Adduction
Part moved toward the body
Rotation
Part spins on a long axis
Axial skeleton
Ribs, skull , and vertebrae.
Jaw–> synovial joint, mandible
Appendicular skeleton
Pectoral and pelvic limbs.
Cranial
C1(atlas)
C2(axis)
Thoracic
13 ribs
Coccygeal
Dog –> 20 vertebrae
Ranges from 6-23
Scapula
Shoulder blades
Humerous
Elbow
Ilium
Most forward part of pelvis
Ischium
Caudal part of pelvis
Pubis
Cranial part of pelvis
Ossification
Cartilage is replaced by bone tissue
Extensors
Causes bones to move toward straighter alignment.
Flexors
Causes angle between bones to decrease
Muscles control..
Breathing
Posture
Balance
Swallowing
Simple fracture
Skin over fracture is not broken
Compound
Broken bone penetrates the skin
Green stick
One side of bone is broken and the other side is bent
Complete
The bone is broken completely across
Epiphyseal
Fracture of growth plate
Comminuted
Numerous splinters of the bone is sticking out due to being crushed or splintered.
Healing(1)
Forms clot by connective tissue and new blood capillaries.
Healing(2)
Osteoid tissue fills gap between broken ends, fills marrow cavity for distance, and completely encircles broken bone forming an effective splint.
