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Animal Science > Bones > Flashcards

Bones Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

5 functions of bones

A

Protection, support, blood formation, storage, and leverage.

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2
Q

Protection

A

Rib cage–> heart and lungs

Skull–> brain

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3
Q

Blood formation and mineral storage

A

Minerals like calcium and prosperous are stored In the bones. Minerals are taken out of the bone and sent into the bloodstream when needed.

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4
Q

Long bones

A

Provide support and movement.

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5
Q

Short bones

A

Joints, provide comfort and mobility.

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6
Q

Irregular bones

A

Support and protect like the vertebrae of an animal.

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7
Q

Flat bones

A

protect organs like the skull.

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8
Q

Pneumatic bones

A

Contain air spaces called sinuses that are in contact with the atmosphere.

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9
Q

Sesamoid bones

A

Flat and round, located along course of tendons. Like the knee.

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10
Q

Cancellous

A

Spongy

Located at the end of long bones.

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11
Q

Compact

A

Outside of bone, surrounding bone material.

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12
Q

Inner layer of bone

A

Endosteum

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13
Q

Outer layer of bone

A

Periosteum

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14
Q

70% of bone is

A

Inorganic material, calcium and phosphorous.

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15
Q

30% of bone is

A

Organic

Collagen fibers and cells

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16
Q

Osteaoclast

A

Puts minerals into the bloodstream from bone.

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17
Q

Osteoblast

A

Forms new bone
Lays down a collagen matrix
Layer of periosteum and endosteum

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18
Q

osteocyte

A

Osteoblasts that get encased in the matrix

Sooo “retired osteoblasts.”

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19
Q

Fiberous joints

A

Joints that are brought together with dense connective tissue.
Found in skull.

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20
Q

Cartilage joints

A

Between pelvis and intervertebral disk.

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21
Q

Synovial joints

A

True moveable joints

22
Q

ligaments

A

Connects bone to bone

23
Q

Tendons

A

Muscle to bone

24
Q

Synovial joints

A

Ball and socket
Hinge
Pivot

25
Q

Flexion

A

Angle between bones get smaller

26
Q

Extension

A

Angle between bones get bigger

27
Q

Abduction

A

Part moved away from the body

28
Q

Adduction

A

Part moved toward the body

29
Q

Rotation

A

Part spins on a long axis

30
Q

Axial skeleton

A

Ribs, skull , and vertebrae.

Jaw–> synovial joint, mandible

31
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

Pectoral and pelvic limbs.

32
Q

Cranial

A

C1(atlas)

C2(axis)

33
Q

Thoracic

A

13 ribs

34
Q

Coccygeal

A

Dog –> 20 vertebrae

Ranges from 6-23

35
Q

Scapula

A

Shoulder blades

36
Q

Humerous

A

Elbow

37
Q

Ilium

A

Most forward part of pelvis

38
Q

Ischium

A

Caudal part of pelvis

39
Q

Pubis

A

Cranial part of pelvis

40
Q

Ossification

A

Cartilage is replaced by bone tissue

41
Q

Extensors

A

Causes bones to move toward straighter alignment.

42
Q

Flexors

A

Causes angle between bones to decrease

43
Q

Muscles control..

A

Breathing
Posture
Balance
Swallowing

44
Q

Simple fracture

A

Skin over fracture is not broken

45
Q

Compound

A

Broken bone penetrates the skin

46
Q

Green stick

A

One side of bone is broken and the other side is bent

47
Q

Complete

A

The bone is broken completely across

48
Q

Epiphyseal

A

Fracture of growth plate

49
Q

Comminuted

A

Numerous splinters of the bone is sticking out due to being crushed or splintered.

50
Q

Healing(1)

A

Forms clot by connective tissue and new blood capillaries.

51
Q

Healing(2)

A

Osteoid tissue fills gap between broken ends, fills marrow cavity for distance, and completely encircles broken bone forming an effective splint.

Animal Science (3 decks)

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