bones

Question 1

what is the science of bones called

Answer 1

osteology

Question 2

what are the 4 functions of bones

Answer 2

support movement of the body
protect vulnerable structures
stores minerals
synthesis of blood cells

Question 3

what are the 2 types of bones

Answer 3

compact (cortical)
spongy (cancellous)

Question 4

ossification

Answer 4

the process of laying down bone

Question 5

osteoporosis

Answer 5

the rapid loss of bone density leading to fragile fractures

Question 6

function of the axial skeleton

Answer 6

attachment site for the upper and lower limbs

Question 7

function of the appendicular skeleton

Answer 7

movement and function

Question 8

what are the 4 types of bones

Answer 8

long
short
flat
irregular

Question 9

what are the 5 sections of the vertebral column

Answer 9

cervical
thoracic
lumbar
sacral
coccygeal

Question 10

how many vertebrae are cervical

Answer 10

C 1-7

Question 11

how many vertebrae are thoracic

Answer 11

T 1-12

Question 12

how many vertebrae are lumbar

Answer 12

L 1-5

Question 13

how many vertebrae are sacral and coccygeal

Answer 13

S 1-5
C 1-5
(fused together)

Question 14

lordosis

Answer 14

convex anteriorly & concave posteriorly

Question 15

kyphosis

Answer 15

concave anteriorly & convex posteriorly

Question 16

scoliosis

Answer 16

abnormal curvature

Question 17

what are the 9 fracture types

Answer 17

normal
transverse
oblique
spiral
comminuated
avulsion
impacted
fissure
greenstick

Question 18

what are the 4 displacement types

Answer 18

displaced
angulated
shortened
rotated

Question 19

what are the 4 stages of healing fractures

Answer 19

hematoma formation
fibrocartilaginous callus formation
callus ossification
bone remodelling

Question 20

hematoma formation

Answer 20

blood vessels are damaged
hematoma formed
inflammation

Question 21

internal callus formation

Answer 21

vessels clot
osteoclasts break down dead tissue
fibroblasts produce collagen
chondroblasts produce cartilage
osteoblasts produce new bone

Question 22

external callus formation

Answer 22

osteoblasts and chondroblasts produce a bone cartilage collar

Question 23

callus ossification

Answer 23

endochondral ossification of callus = forms spongy bone
makes a stronger callus

Question 24

bone remodelling

Answer 24

repair = spongy bone replaced with compact bone
remodel = internal callus becomes stronger and external callus is reduced

Question 25

structure of a long bone

Answer 25

articular cartilage
epiphysis
metaphysis
periosteum
diaphysis

Question 26

epiphysis

Answer 26

filled with spongy bone
expanded for articulation

Question 27

diaphysis

Answer 27

dense compact bone
medullary cavity is filled with marrow

Question 28

articular cartilage

Answer 28

covers epiphyses
made up of hyaline cartilage