bones Flashcards
what is the science of bones called
osteology
what are the 4 functions of bones
support movement of the body
protect vulnerable structures
stores minerals
synthesis of blood cells
what are the 2 types of bones
compact (cortical)
spongy (cancellous)
ossification
the process of laying down bone
osteoporosis
the rapid loss of bone density leading to fragile fractures
function of the axial skeleton
attachment site for the upper and lower limbs
function of the appendicular skeleton
movement and function
what are the 4 types of bones
long
short
flat
irregular
what are the 5 sections of the vertebral column
cervical
thoracic
lumbar
sacral
coccygeal
lordosis
convex anteriorly & concave posteriorly
kyphosis
concave anteriorly & convex posteriorly
scoliosis
abnormal curvature
what are the 9 fracture types
normal
transverse
oblique
spiral
comminuated
avulsion
impacted
fissure
greenstick
what are the 4 displacement types
displaced
angulated
shortened
rotated
what are the 4 stages of healing fractures
hematoma formation
fibrocartilaginous callus formation
callus ossification
bone remodelling
hematoma formation
blood vessels are damaged
hematoma formed
inflammation
internal callus formation
vessels clot
osteoclasts break down dead tissue
fibroblasts produce collagen
chondroblasts produce cartilage
osteoblasts produce new bone
external callus formation
osteoblasts and chondroblasts produce a bone cartilage collar
callus ossification
endochondral ossification of callus = forms spongy bone
makes a stronger callus
bone remodelling
repair = spongy bone replaced with compact bone
remodel = internal callus becomes stronger and external callus is reduced
structure of a long bone
articular cartilage
epiphysis
metaphysis
periosteum
diaphysis
epiphysis
filled with spongy bone
expanded for articulation
diaphysis
dense compact bone
medullary cavity is filled with marrow
articular cartilage
covers epiphyses
made up of hyaline cartilage
