bones

Question 1

what is the science of bones called

Answer 1

osteology

Question 2

what are the 4 functions of bones

Answer 2

support movement of the body
protect vulnerable structures
stores minerals
synthesis of blood cells

Question 3

what are the 2 types of bones

Answer 3

compact (cortical)
spongy (cancellous)

Question 4

ossification

Answer 4

the process of laying down bone

Question 5

osteoporosis

Answer 5

the rapid loss of bone density leading to fragile fractures

Question 6

function of the axial skeleton

Answer 6

attachment site for the upper and lower limbs

Question 7

function of the appendicular skeleton

Answer 7

movement and function

Question 8

what are the 4 types of bones

Answer 8

long
short
flat
irregular

Question 9

what are the 5 sections of the vertebral column

Answer 9

cervical
thoracic
lumbar
sacral
coccygeal

Question 10

lordosis

Answer 10

convex anteriorly & concave posteriorly

Question 11

kyphosis

Answer 11

concave anteriorly & convex posteriorly

Question 12

scoliosis

Answer 12

abnormal curvature

Question 13

what are the 9 fracture types

Answer 13

normal
transverse
oblique
spiral
comminuated
avulsion
impacted
fissure
greenstick

Question 14

what are the 4 displacement types

Answer 14

displaced
angulated
shortened
rotated

Question 15

what are the 4 stages of healing fractures

Answer 15

hematoma formation
fibrocartilaginous callus formation
callus ossification
bone remodelling

Question 16

hematoma formation

Answer 16

blood vessels are damaged
hematoma formed
inflammation

Question 17

internal callus formation

Answer 17

vessels clot
osteoclasts break down dead tissue
fibroblasts produce collagen
chondroblasts produce cartilage
osteoblasts produce new bone

Question 18

external callus formation

Answer 18

osteoblasts and chondroblasts produce a bone cartilage collar

Question 19

callus ossification

Answer 19

endochondral ossification of callus = forms spongy bone
makes a stronger callus

Question 20

bone remodelling

Answer 20

repair = spongy bone replaced with compact bone
remodel = internal callus becomes stronger and external callus is reduced

Question 21

structure of a long bone

Answer 21

articular cartilage
epiphysis
metaphysis
periosteum
diaphysis

Question 22

epiphysis

Answer 22

filled with spongy bone
expanded for articulation

Question 23

diaphysis

Answer 23

dense compact bone
medullary cavity is filled with marrow

Question 24

articular cartilage

Answer 24

covers epiphyses
made up of hyaline cartilage