Bones

Question 1

What type of tissue is located between the bones in a symphysis?

Answer 1

Fibrocartilage

Question 2

The jaw is a ______________ joint.

Answer 2

Hinge

Question 3

The shoulder girdle consists of which combination of bones?

Answer 3

Clavicle, scapula, and humerus

Question 4

What type of tissue is located between the bones in a synchondrosis?

Answer 4

Hyaline cartilage

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of a fibrous joint?

Answer 5

The two parietal bones of the skull articulating with each other

Question 6

The great majority of synchondrosis joints are present only during childhood. T or F?

Answer 6

True

Question 7

Like the ______________, the shoulder is classified as ______________ based upon its degrees of freedom.

Answer 7

Hip; triaxial

Question 8

The shoulder has more degrees of freedom of movement than the wrist. T or F?

Answer 8

True

Question 9

The hip has more range of motion than the shoulder. T or F?

Answer 9

False

Question 10

Which of the following is the correct association of joint with its classification?
a
Connecting pubic bones – gliding

b
Distal radioulnar – pivot

c
Costovertebral – synchondrosis

Answer 10

B.Distal radioulnar – pivot

Question 11

Which movement is not possible at the wrist joint?

Answer 11

Extension

Question 12

Joints connecting ribs to the vertebral column are immovable. T Or F?

Answer 12

False

Question 13

Actions of the proximal and distal radioulnar joint are:

Answer 13

Pronation and supination

Question 14

Anatomical features of the knee joint include ______________.

Answer 14

Reinforcing ligaments including the cruciate ligaments

Question 15

The wrist (radiocarpal) joint is unable to rotate. T or F?

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Nursemaid’s elbow involves dislocation of the ______________ joint.

Answer 16

Humeroradial

Question 17

The normal extent of a specific movement possible at a synovial joint is known as its ______________.

Answer 17

Range of motion

Question 18

What role, if any, does synovial fluid play in joint homeostasis?

Answer 18

Synovial fluid lowers friction between moving parts.

Question 19

Which two joint types share the same degrees of freedom?

Answer 19

Saddle and condyloid (ellipsoid)

Question 20

The articulation between C-1 (atlas) and occipital bone is a ______________ that allows this movement: ______________.

Answer 20

Combined symphysis and gliding; slight movements in all directions

Question 21

The articulation between C-1 (atlas) and C-2 (axis) is a ______________ that allows this movement: ______________.

Answer 21

Pivot and gliding; rotation of the head to the left and right (“no” movement)

Question 22

A normally mobile scapulothoracic joint is essential to allowing full range of motion for shoulder movements. T Or F?

Answer 22

True

Question 23

The acetabular labrum acts to ______________ the ______________.

Answer 23

Deepen; hip socket

Question 24

Gliding joints are true synovial joints, with synovial membrane and synovial fluid contained in a joint capsule.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

What reduces friction and heat build-up in the hip joint?

Answer 25

-The hyaline cartilage that makes up the articular cartilage
-Synovial fluid

Question 26

Based on its degrees of freedom, the wrist (radiocarpal joint) is classified as a ______________ joint.

Answer 26

Biaxial

Question 27

Which of the following is the correct association of joint with its classification?
a
Shoulder – triaxial

b
Costovertebral – synchondrosis

c
Connecting vertebral bodies – gliding

Answer 27

a
Shoulder – triaxial

Question 28

For the articulations between most (“typical”) pairs of vertebrae, including T-1 with T-2, the bodies are connected by ______________ joints and the superior and inferior articular facets on the arches are connected by ______________ joints.

Answer 28

Symphysis; gliding

Question 29

As you abduct your shoulder to full range of motion, ______________.
a
The scapula abducts

b
The scapula retracts

Answer 29

a
The scapula abducts

Question 30

In a suture, which is ______________ movable; bones are connected by ______________.

Answer 30

Not; short connective tissue fibers

Question 31

Arrange the following joints on the stability–mobility scale, from most mobile on the left to most stable on the right.

TMJ
Elbow
Frontal suture (adult)
Frontal suture (infant)
Hip
Costovertebral

Answer 31

-Hip
-TMJ
-Elbow
-Costovertebral
-Frontal suture (infant)
-Frontal suture (adult)

Question 32

As you fully extend and “lock” your knee, ______________.

Answer 32

The femur rotates on the tibia

Question 33

Discuss why, following a stroke (cerebrovascular accident causing paralysis of one side of the body), the affected shoulder joint becomes subluxed (partially dislocated).

Answer 33

Since the shoulder joint is so loose, due to a very shallow socket (glenoid fossa) that only partially contacts the humeral head, many soft tissue structures stabilize the joint. Among those structures are the tendons of the rotator cuff muscles, which connect muscles originating on the scapula and inserting on the upper humerus. The tendons wrap around the humeral head and help hold it approximated to the glenoid labrum. However, in order for the tendons to have the tension required to perform this function, there must be adequate baseline contraction of the muscles involved. Normal postural tone (resting contraction) provides this tension – but when the muscles become paralyzed following a stroke, that tension is lost. Loose tendons cannot hold the humerus closely approximated to the glenoid fossa, and the humeral head falls away from the socket.

Question 34

Why does the knee have menisci?

Answer 34

Menisci play a role in shock absorption and also help to properly distribute the load of the body’s mass onto the tibial surface. Menisci shape the tibial surface to better fit the femoral condyles. The water in fibrocartilage helps to resist compression as well.

Question 35

Give the reasons for and against classifying the knee as a hinge joint. In which category do you think the knee belongs? Consult outside sources and document your response.

Answer 35

While most anatomy texts will list the knee as a hinge, kinesiologists are more likely to argue that the knee is much too complicated to be classified as a hinge. The locking mechanism requires a longitudinal rotation that is not seen in classic uniaxial hinge joints such as the elbow or interphalangeal joints. Furthermore, lateral movement can be demonstrated – thus, from a biomechanics or kinesiology point of view, this is a joint with more than one degree of freedom.