bones Flashcards
how many bones in the human body
206
compact bone
osteons
spongy
trabeculae
Functions of bone
1- Protection
2- Support
3- Movement
4- Mineral storage
5-Production of red and white blood cells
protection
from external sources
support
for the body and its vital cavities
movement
act as levers for movement
mineral storage
acts as a reservoir for minerals
production of red and white blood cells
hemopoiesis, occurs within marrow cavities
types of bones
1- Long
2- Short
3- Sesamoid
4- Flat
5-Irregular
long bones
- Typically longer than wide
- Have a shaft with expanded ends
- Mostly made up of compact bone
Examples include: Femur, Radius, Metacarpals, Phalanges
short bones
- Cube shaped- have no shaft
- Only found in the feet & hands * Tarsals
- Carpals
Flat bones
Thin, flattened bones which are usually curved * Form boundaries around cavities
* Are usually protecting organs
* Examples include:
* Skull bones, Sternum, Scapula, Ribs
Irregular bones
Irregular or mixed shape
* Do not fit into other bone classification categories
* Examples include: * Vertebrae
* Facial bones
* Hyoid
Sesamoid bones
Usually small and round
* Develop within tendons
* Function to:
* Protect the tendon they’re embedded in
* Change the angle of tendon insertion to increase force of muscle
* E.g. patella
Bone markings - projections and depressions
Irregularities of bone that function to:
* strengthen bone
* provide passages through the bone
* promote bone to bone articulation
* provide attachment sites
* provide landmarks
key parts of the scapula
acromion
coracoid process
glenoid cavity
infraglenoid tubercle E – lateral border
inferior angle
spine
superior angle
supraspinous fossa
infraspinous fossa
medial border
supraglenoid tubercle
subscapular fossa
suprascapular notch
key parts of the humerus
greater tubercle
intertubercular groove
lesser tubercle
head of humerus
deltoid tuberosity
lateral supracondylar ridge G – radial fossa
medial supracondylar ridge I – coronoid fossa
lateral epicondyle
medial epicondyle
capitulum
trochlea
olecranon fossa
key parts of the radius and ulna
coronoid process
radial head
trochlear notch
olecranon process
radial tuberosity
ulnar notch on radius
styloid process of radius
ulnar head
styloid process of ulnar
radial notch of ulnar
key parts of the hand
A- distal phalange
B – middle phalange
C – proximal phalange
D – 1st distal phalange
E– 1st proximal phalange
F – 1st metacarpal
G – trapezoid
H – trapezium
I – scaphoid
J – lunate
K – pisiform
L – triquetral / triquetrum
M – hamate
N – captitate
bones of the hand
8 carpals
5 metacarpals
Phalanges
- 5 proximal
- 4 middle
-5 distal
