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Wildlife > Bones > Flashcards

Bones Flashcards

1
Q

Vertebral column

A

Cervical spine - spine supports the neck and head and is typically made
up of 7 vertebrae
Thoracic vertebrae - 12-15 majority of back and have ribs connected
Lumbar vertebrae - 4-7 bones, lower back, no ribs
Sacral vertebrae - 3-5 often fused for pelvic girdles
Caudal vertebrae - make up tails, not spinal

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2
Q

Pelvic girdle

A

Innominate bones, Ilium ischium and pubic bones

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3
Q

Pectoral girdle

A

Scapula and clavicle connect to humerus

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4
Q

5 Types of bones

A

Long, short, flat, irregular and sesamoid

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5
Q

Long bones

A

Longer than they are wide. Subject to load during activities. Primarily grow by elongation of diaphysis. with epiphysis at end of it covered in hyaline cartilage. Outside is layer of connective tissue called periosteum.

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6
Q

Cortical bone

A

Hard bone that is compact. Outer shell

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7
Q

Cancellous bone

A

Spongy bone. Contains medullary cavity, bone marrow, and blood vessels

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8
Q

Femur

A

Proximal bone of the hindlimb
Upper leg bone
Long bone

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9
Q

Tibia

A

Larger, stronger and anterior of two lower leg bone
Long bone

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10
Q

Fibula

A

Lateral side of tibia in lower leg, smaller in proportion. Slenderest of all long bones
Long bone

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11
Q

Humerus

A

Long bone in arm that rums from shoulder to elbow
Long bone

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12
Q

Radius

A

Extends from elbow to hand on the thumb side
Long bone

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13
Q

Ulma

A

On pink side of arm between elbow and wrist
Long bone

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14
Q

Metacarpals

A

Intermediate part of the skeletal hand. Between phalanges and carpal bones
Long bone

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15
Q

Metatarsals

A

Intermediate part of the foot between tarsals and phalanges
Long bone

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16
Q

Phalanges

A

Digital bones in the hands and feet. Two in thumb/big toe and three in other digits in primates
Long bone

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17
Q

Clavicle

A

Serves as a strut between the shoulder blade and the sternum
Long bone

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18
Q

Short bone

A

Designated as those bones that are as wide as they are long. Primary function is to provide support and stability with little to no movement

19
Q

Tarsals

A

Cluster of 7 articulation bones in each foot (ankle)
Short bone

20
Q

Carpals

A

8 small bones that make up wrist (carpus)
Short bone

21
Q

Patella

A

Flat, circular triangular bone which articulates with the femur and covers and protects the anterior articular surface of knee joint
Short bone and sesamoid

22
Q

Flat bones

A

Principal function is either extensive protection or the provision of broad surfaces for muscular attachment. Two thin layers of compact bone enclosing cancellous bone and bone marrow. In adults most RBC are formed in flat bones

23
Q

Occipital

A

Cranial bone located in the back and lower part of the skull
Flat bones

24
Q

Parietal

A

Two bones in the skull which join together at a fibrous joint, form the sides and roof of cranium
Flat bones

25
Q

Frontal

A

Two skull bones joined together by fibrous joint, make up bony part of the forehead
Flat bones

26
Q

Nasal

A

Two small oblong bones. Side by side in middle and upper part of the face
Flat bones

27
Q

Lacrimal

A

Small and fragile bone of facial skeleton. Roughly the size of the little fingernail. Situated at the front part of the medial wall of the orbital. Small bump on orbital edge
Flat bones

28
Q

Vomer

A

Unpaired facial bones. Vomer forms the inferior part of the nasal septum.
Flat bones

29
Q

Hip bone

A

Composed of 3 parts. ilium, ischium, and the pubis
Flat bones

30
Q

Sternum

A

Long flat bone located in central part of the chest. Connects the ribs via cartilage and forms the front of the rib cage
Flat bones

31
Q

Ribs

A

Arrangement of ribs attached to the vertebral column and sternum in most vertebrates, that encloses and protects the heart and lungs
Flat bones

32
Q

Scapulae or Scapula

A

Bone that connects the humerus with the clavicle
Flat bones

33
Q

Irregular bones

A

Protects nervous tissue (vertebrae), anchor points for muscles, trachea support etc

34
Q

Sesamoid bones

A

Embedded within a tendon or muscle, ball bearings. Variable amount in individuals due to calcium deposits. Patella

35
Q

Sacrum

A

A large, triangular bone at the base of the spine that forms by
the fusing of sacral vertebrae S1–S5
Irregular bone

36
Q

Coccyx

A

Commonly referred to as the tailbone, is the final segment of
the vertebral column in all apes, and in certain other mammals
Irregular bone

37
Q

Temporal

A

Situated at the sides and base of the skull, and lateral to the
temporal lobes
Irregular bone

38
Q

Sphenoid -

A

An unpaired bone of the cranium. It is situated in the middle of the skull towards the front
Irregular bone

39
Q

Ethmoid

A

An unpaired bone in the skull that separates the nasal cavity
from the brain
Irregular bone

40
Q

Zygomatic

A

Cheek bone
Irregular bone

41
Q

Maxilla

A

Upper jaw. Fixed
Irregular bone

42
Q

Mandible

A

lower jaw
Irregular bone

43
Q

Palatine

A

Roof of mouth. Combine with maxillae
Irregular bone

44
Q

Hyoid

A

A horseshoe-shaped bone situated in the anterior
midline of the neck between the chin and the thyroid cartilage
Irregular bone

Wildlife (1 decks)

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