Bones Flashcards
What is ossification
Ossification is the process where bones are being remodelled. Throught this process parts of the bones are reabsorbed , so unnecessary calcium is removed (via osteoclasts) while new layers of bone tissues are created
What is osteoblasts
They are cells that bring calcium to your bones. they are response for creating bone matter. Osteoblasts activity increases when you exercise. So your bones become stronger the more you exercise
What do the end of long bones contain
They contain plate which allow the bone to grow longer. This continues until bones are fully mature. These areas are called the epiphyseal plates and allow the bones to extend. Once the head is formed it fuses with the main shaft to create epiphyseal line
Describe the vertebrae/backbone
-Also called vertebral column or spine
-33 small bones in a line
-Protects the spinal cord
Held together by powerful ligaments
What are the types of bones in the spine and how many of each are there?
-cervical (7), thoracic (12), lumbar (5), sacrum (5), coccyx (4)
-The vertebrae of the sacrum and coccyx are fused.
What bones is the pelvis made from?
ilium, ischium, and pubis.
Name the bones in the upper body
Clavicle , sternum , scapula
Name the bones in the arm and hand
Humerous , ulna , radius , carpals , metacarpals
Name the bones in the legs and the feet
Femur , tibia , fibula , tarsals , metatarsals
What are the finger and toe bones called
Phalanges
Name the types of bones
Short bones
Long bones
Sesamoid
Irregular
Flat
Name the knee bone
Patella
Name the two group of bones
Axial skeleton (80)
Appendicular (126)
Describe upper limbs
Consists of 60 bones (30 each arm)
Describe lower limbs
Consists of 60 bones (30 each leg)
Shoulder griddle
Consists of 4 bones ( 2 clavicles - 2 scapula
Pelvic griddle
3 bones ilium , pelvic , ishcium
Name functions of skeletal system
- support and weight bearing
Bones give body shape and provide a supporting framework - protection
Protect vital tissue & organs - source of blood cell production
Blood vessels feed centre of your bones & store blood marrow - store of minerals
Bone is a reservoir for minerals such as calcium. Essential for bone growth
Joint capsule
Help to hold bones in place
Bursa
Small fluid sac providing a cushion between the tendons. Prevents friction
Articular cartilage
On the end bones, provide a smooth and slippery covering to stop bones from rubbing
Synovial fluid
Lubricates the joint
The ligaments
Support joint
Name the 3 type of joints
-fixed
-cartilaginous
-synovial
Describe the fixed joints
They do not move
They form when bones interlock and overlap during early childhood
Held together by bands or tough , fibrous tissue
Describe the cartilaginous joint
Allow slight movement
End of bones are covered in a smooth , shiny covering known as articular. Reducing friction between bones
Describe synovial joints
Freely moveable joints
Offer highest level of mobility and are vital to all sporting movement
Make up most of joints in limbs
Name the type of synovial joints
Hinge
Ball and socket
Condyloid
Gliding
Pivot
Saddle
What are the use of minerals
Calcium and vitamin d are essential for formation and growth or bone tissue. Vitamin d Is needed to absorb calcium
What is at the end of each long bone
Plates which allow the bone to grow longer. These areas are called the epiphyseal plates which allow bones to extend. Epiphyseal line fuses with the main shaft when bone bones is fully formed
