Bones

Question 0

Major functions of the skeletal system

Answer 0

• Support
• Protection
• Movement
• Storage
• Blood cell formation

Question 1

Articular Cartilage (Hyaline)

Answer 1

Covers external surface of the bone

Question 2

Periosteum

Answer 2

Fibrous connective tissue membrane that protects the diaphysis.

Question 3

Endosteum

Answer 3

Thin layer of connective tissue in the medullary cavity of the long bone.

Question 4

Four classifications of bone

Answer 4

• Long bone
• Short bone
• Flat bone
• Irregular bone

Question 5

Irregular bone

Answer 5

Doesn’t fit one of the of three categories.

• Vertebrae or hip bones

Question 6

Short bone

Answer 6

Cube-shaped and contains mostly spongy bone.

• Wrists and ankles

Question 7

Sesamoid bone

Answer 7

Forms with tendons; special type of short bone.

Question 8

Flat bone

Answer 8

Thin, flattened, and usually curved bone.
• Two thing layers of compact bone that sandwich a layover of spongy bone.
• Ribs, sternum

Question 9

Compact bone

Answer 9

Dense, smooth looking homogeneous bone.

Question 10

Spongy

Answer 10

Composed of small, needle-like pieces of bone with lots of open spaces.

Question 11

Epiphysis

Answer 11

• Ends of the long bone

* Consists of a thin layer of compact bone enclosing an area filled with spongy bone.

Question 12

Diaphysis

Answer 12

• Shaft of long bone
• Compact bone
• Covered and protected by fibrous connective tissue membrane.

Question 13

Epiphyseal plate

Answer 13

Thin plate if hyaline cartilage seen on young, growing bones that becomes bone as it matures.
• Grows lengthwise for long bone
• Leaves epipthyseal lines behind

Question 14

Long bone

Answer 14

Typically longer than they are wide.
• Compact
• Patella, femur

Question 15

Canaliculus

Answer 15

Tiny canals that radiate outward from the central canal to all lacunae.

Question 16

Central canal (Harversian canal)

Answer 16

Runs length wise through the boney matrix and carries blood vessels & nerves to all areas if the bone.

Question 17

Perforating (Volkmann’s) canal

Answer 17

Communication pathway from outside the bone to the interior (and central canal) that runs into compact bone at a right angle to the shaft.

Question 18

Osteocytes

Answer 18

Mature blood cells found within the matrix in tiny cavities (lacunae).

Question 19

Lacuna

Answer 19

Tiny cavities arranges in concentric circles (lamellas).

Question 20

Matrix

Answer 20

Calcium salts

Question 21

Compound fracture

Answer 21

He’s

Question 22

Simple fracture

Answer 22

Hsb

Question 23

Compressed fracture

Answer 23

Bone is crushed.

• Common is porous bones.

Question 24

Comminuted fracture

Answer 24

Bone breaks into many fragments.

Question 25

Depressed fracture

Answer 25

Broken bone portion is pressed onward.

• Skull fracture

Question 26

Impacted fracture

Answer 26

Broken bone ends are forces into each other.

Question 27

Spiral fracture

Answer 27

Ragged break occurs when excessive twisting forces are applied to a bone.

Question 28

Greenstick fracture

Answer 28

Bone breaks incompletely, much in the way a green twig breaks.