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Bones > bones > Flashcards

bones Flashcards

1
Q

Hyaline

A

Most abundant type; covers bone ends at joints; found in Airways, rib cage, nose

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2
Q

Elastic

A

Very flexible (external ear and epiglottis)

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3
Q

Fibrocartilages

A

Resist very high compression forces

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4
Q

Axial

A

Skull, rib cage, vertebrae

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5
Q

Appendicular

A

Limbs, shoulders, pelvic

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6
Q

Epiphyses

A

Ends of long bone

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7
Q

Diaphysis

A

Shaft (between epiphyses)

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8
Q

Medullary/yellow marrow cavity

A

Contains yellow marrow

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9
Q

Periosteum

A

Double membrane surrounding bone; contains osteoblasts and osteoclasts

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10
Q

Endosteum

A

Lines inner cavities

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11
Q

Epiphyseal (growth) plate-

A

Hyaline cartilage from which bone growth occurs in childhood and Adolescence

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12
Q

Spongy (trabecular) bone

A

Contains red marrow; found in interior of epiphysis

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13
Q

Articular cartilage

A

smooth white tissue; covers ends of bones where joints form

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14
Q

Trabeculae

A

plates in spongy bone, change over lifetime to help resist stress to bone

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15
Q

Compact (cortical) bone

A

surrounds medullary cavity and spongy bone of epiphyses

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16
Q

Osteon

A

weight bearing pillars of bones, run lengthwise through compact bone, look like growth rings on tree cross section

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17
Q

Osteogenic cells

A

Stem cells that give rise to osteoblasts

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18
Q

Osteocytes

A

mature osteoblasts; maintain bone matrix; Found between rings of Matrix, lucunae

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19
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Stone building cells; secrete osteoid; found beneath periosteum secrete bone matrix

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20
Q

Osteoclasts

A

resorb (break down) bone; secrete HCl and enzymes; found in resorption bays, bone surface

21
Q

Osteoid

A

mostly collagen + other protein compounds (organic component of bone)

22
Q

Hydroxyapatites

A

used for bone repair, composed of minerals like calcium and phosphate

23
Q

Yellow bone marrow-

A

fat storage

24
Q

Red bone marrow

A

bone cells

25
Q

Hematopoiesis

A

production of blood cells in bone marrow

26
Q

Ossification (osteogenesis)

A

Bone formation; starts before birth and extend through life; Cartilage models of bone made are replaced by bones

27
Q

Bone remodeling

A

Bone deposit and bone resorption of the adult skeleton; occurs to prevent bones from becoming brittle

28
Q

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)-

A

stimulates bone resorption leading to increased Ca2+

29
Q

Hematoma

A

blood clot, stops excessive blood loss during healing of broken bone

30
Q

Bony callus

A

thicker bone area, forms when bone heals

31
Q

Synovial joint

A

Bone ends covered by cartilage and surrounded by a joint capsule (diathroses)

32
Q

Fibrous joint

A

Bone ends joined by fibrous tissue (synarthroses)

33
Q

Cartilaginous joint

A

Bone end joined by cartilage (amphiarthroses)

34
Q

Synarthroses

A

Immovable joint

35
Q

Diarthroses

A

Freely movable joint (most joints)

36
Q

Amphiarthroses

A

Slightly movable joint

37
Q

Ligaments

A

Connects two bones together at a joint; injury called a sprain

38
Q

Tendons

A

Connects muscles to bones; injury called a strain

39
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Degeneration of articular cartilage on the epiphyses at a joint; leads to pain, stiffness, decreased range of motion, grating sensations; worsens with age

40
Q

Osteoporosis

A

bones thinning, weak and brittle, leads to bone fracture

41
Q

Nondisplaced

A

bone ends lined up

42
Q

Displaced

A

bone ends shift

43
Q

Complete

A

goes all the way through bone

44
Q

Incomplete

A

doesn’t cut through completely

45
Q

Linear

A

parallel to long axis

46
Q

Tranverse

A

perpendicular to diaphysis

47
Q

Open/compound

A

skin broken

48
Q

Closed/simple

A

skin not broken

Bones (1 decks)

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