Bones

Question 1

The human skeleton is divided into two groups. what are they called?

Answer 1

• Axial skeleton

- Appendicular skeleton

Question 2

What bones comprise the axial skeleton?

Answer 2

• cranial bones
• vertebral column
• ribs
• sternum

Question 3

What bones comprise the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 3

• bones of upper limbs

- bones of lower limbs

Question 4

What is the function of cartilage?

Answer 4

• support soft tissues
• provide a smooth, gliding surface for bone articulations at joints
• facilitate development and growth of long bones

Question 5

What is cartilage?

Answer 5

Connective tissue with no blood supply

Question 6

There are three kinds of cartilage, what are they?

Answer 6

• hyaline
• elastic
• fibrocartilage

Question 7

Bones of the human body vary in morphology, explain the appearance of different bones.

Answer 7

• long bones = tubular
• short bones = cuboidal
• flat bones = two compact bone plates (skull)
• irregular bones = face
• sesamoid bones = round or oval

Question 8

What are the two main types of bone?

Answer 8

• compact

- spongy (trabecular or cancellous)

Question 9

Cartilage does not receive blood supply or innervation, how does it receive nutrition for growth and energy?

Answer 9

Diffusion

Question 10

Where do all bones originate from?

Answer 10

All bones originate from the mesenchyme, in either of the 2 following ways:

1) intermembranous ossification
2) endochondral ossification

Question 11

What are the bones of the wrist?

Answer 11

Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetral
Pisiform
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hammate

Question 12

The hand can be divided into 3 groups of bones, what are they?

Answer 12

• carpal (wrist) bones x 8
• metacarpals x 5
• phalanges x 2 (thumb), x 3 (digits)

Question 13

What are the functions of bone?

Answer 13

Bone serves the following functions:

• storage of Ca2+ and P
• support
• protects vital organs
• site of hematopoiesis
• levers on which muscles act, for movement

Question 14

What kind of tissue is bone?

Answer 14

Bone is a type of connective tissue.

Question 15

Sesamoid bones are oval/round bones found in ______?

Answer 15

Sesamoid bones are typically found within tendons, ie the patella

Question 16

The carpal (wrist) comprises 8 bones, what are they and how are they arranged?

Answer 16

Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetral
Pisiform
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hammate

The bones are arranged in two rows:

• proximal
• distal

Question 17

What are the bones of the proximal row in the hand?

Answer 17

• scaphoid
• lunate
• triquetral
• pisiform

Question 18

What are the bones of the distal row?

Answer 18

• trapezium
• trapezoid
• capitate
• hammate

Question 19

The pisiform bone is a sesamoid bone (round), which is the size of a pea. Where is it located?

Answer 19

The pisiform bone is found in the tendon of the flexor carpi ulnaris

Question 20

What is special about the scaphoid (boat-shaped) bone?

Answer 20

The scaphoid bone has an obvious tubercle on its lateral palmar surface, in the anterior direction

Question 21

What do the 8 carpal (wrist) bones look like?

Answer 21

Scaphoid - boat shaped
Lunate - crescent
Triquetral - triangle?
Pisiform - round (pea-sized)
Trapezium - irregular four sided
Trapezoid - four sided 
Capitate -  has a head
Hammate - hook