Bones

Question 1

Name and describe the 5 types of bones

Answer 1

1. Long bones - longer than wide, contain bone marrow
2. Short bones- cube-like in shape with similar width/length
3. Flat bones- thin and broad in shape, found where extra protection is needed
4. Irregular bones- complex shapes
5. Sesamoid bones- small, flat, found in beds of tendons

Question 2

Examples of the 5 bone types

Answer 2

Long bones- humerus
Short bones- wrist bone
Flat bones- sternum
Irregular bones- vertebra
Sesamoid bones- patella

Question 3

Axial skeleton

Answer 3

the vertical central axis of the body with 80 bones

Question 4

bones of axial skeleton

Answer 4

skull, facial bones, neck, chest, back

Question 5

appendicular skeleton

Answer 5

forms upper and lower limbs as well as the pectoral (shoulder) girdle and pelvic girdle. 126 bones

Question 6

bones of appendicular skeleton

Answer 6

arms, legs, hips, shoulders

Question 7

List the 5 functions of bones

Answer 7

1. Protect organs and tissues.
2. Rigid framework.
3. Levers of movement via tendons and muscles.
4. Store and release important minerals.
5. Blood cell production, regeneration, and maintenance.

Question 8

Epiphysis

Answer 8

Ends of bone.

Question 9

Diaphysis

Answer 9

shaft of bone

Question 10

articular cartilage

Answer 10

covers the ends of long bones to reduce friction

Question 11

spongy bone

Answer 11

porous bone that contains red marrow

Question 12

periosteum

Answer 12

covers the outside of bone. contains blood vessels and nerves that nourish the compact bone.

Question 13

compact bone

Answer 13

hard walls of the diaphysis

Question 14

yellow marrow

Answer 14

fat storage

Question 15

medullary cavity

Answer 15

filled w/ yellow marrow

Question 16

epiphyseal line/discs/plate

Answer 16

where growth occurs

Question 17

red marrow

Answer 17

production of blood cells

Question 18

endosteum

Answer 18

covers the inside of the medullary cavity, where bone growth/repair/remodeling occur

Question 19

list the bones of the skull

Answer 19

cranium -> frontal, occipital (lower back), parietal (upper back), temporal

Question 20

facial bones

Answer 20

maxilla, mandible, zygomatic (cheekbones)

Question 21

spinal bones

Answer 21

cervical (atlas, axis) (7), thoracic (12), lumbar (5), sacrum (5), coccyx (4)

Question 22

shoulder girdle

Answer 22

clavicle, scapula, humerus

Question 23

ribcage

Answer 23

sternum (manubrium, body, xiphoid process), true ribs (1-7), false ribs (8-10), floating ribs (11-12)

Question 24

arm

Answer 24

humerus, radius, ulna

Question 25

hand/wrist

Answer 25

phalanges (14), metacarpals, carpals

Question 26

pelvic girdle

Answer 26

ilium (the big part), ischium (part you sit on), pubis (middle part)

Question 27

leg

Answer 27

femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges