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Trauma + Orthopaedics > Bone Tumours > Flashcards

Bone Tumours Flashcards

1
Q

Where do osteosarcomas commonly metastasise?

A

Lung (blood-borne)

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2
Q

What are the radiological features of osteosarcoma?

A

Mixed Lytic + sclerotic zones in the metaphysics.

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3
Q

What is the common management of osteosarcoma?

A

Surgical resection+/- chemo for lung mets

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4
Q

Which area of bone do osteosarcomas affect?

A

Metaphyseal ends of long bones (distal femur + proximal tibia most common)

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5
Q

Which population does chondrosarcoma usually affect?

A

Middle aged + Elderly

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6
Q

Which area of bone do chrondrosarcomas affect?

A

Medulla or Juxtacortical

Pelvis, ribs, proximal humerus or proximal femur

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7
Q

Are chondrosarcomas fast or slow growing?

A

Slow growing, seldom metastasise

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8
Q

What are the x-ray features of chondrosarcomas?

A

Prominent end-steal scalloping and cortical thickening

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9
Q

Are radiotherapy/chemotherapy effective in chondrosarcoma?

A

No

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10
Q

Which population does ewing sarcoma affect?

A

Children

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11
Q

Which area of bone does ewing sarcoma affect?

A

Diaphysis of long bones (femur + flat bones of pelvis)

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12
Q

What are the radiological features of ewing sarcoma?

A

Lytic lesions with periosteal reactions

‘Onion’ skin appearance

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13
Q

How are ewings sarcomas managed?

A

Resection + neoadjuvant chemo

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14
Q

What is the characteristic clinical feature of osteoid osteomas?

A

Pain at night relieved by NSAIDs

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15
Q

What are the radiological features of osteoid osteomal??

A

Lucent area surrounded by reactive sclerosis.

usually <2cm

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16
Q

Which area of bone does osteoid osteoma affect?

A

shaft of long bones

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17
Q

Who does osteoid osteoma affect?

A

Males, 10-25yrs

18
Q

Who does osteochondroma affect?

A

Males, 2nd decade

19
Q

What are the clinical features of osteochondroma?

A

Asymptomatic, slow growing

20
Q

What are the radiological features of osteochondroma?

A

Pedunculated bony outgrowth from metaphysics

21
Q

How are osteoid osteomas typically managed?

A

Conservatively

22
Q

How are osteochondromas typically managed?

A

Conservatively

23
Q

Who are affected by chondromas?

A

30-50 yrs

24
Q

Which part of the bone is affected by chondroma?

A

Metaphysis of long bones of hands, feet, humerus, femur, tibia

25
Q

How do chondromas usually present?

A

Incidental

26
Q

What are the radiological features of chondroma?

A

Elongated, oval, lytic areas

27
Q

How are chondromas managed?

A

Asymptomatic - conservative

Symptomatic - surgical

28
Q

Which diseases are chondromas associated with?

A

Olliers disease

Maffuci syndrome

29
Q

What are the features of giant cell tumours (osteoclastomas)?

A

Pain

Benign but locally aggressive

30
Q

What are the radiological features of giant cell tumours?

A

‘Soap bubble’ appearance

Eccentric lytic areas

31
Q

How are giant cell tumours managed?

A

Surgical resection

small risk transformation to osteosarcoma

32
Q

Which part of bone do giant cell tumours present?

A

Epiphysis of long bones

50% around knee

33
Q

Who is affected by giant cell tumours?

A

20-40 years

34
Q

How do bone cysts usually present?

A

Adolescent boys

Asymptomatic or pathological Fracture

35
Q

What are the radiological features of bone cysts?

A

Ovoid radiolucent area

36
Q

What staging system is used for primary bone tumours?

A

Enneking staging

37
Q

What are the most common primary site of bone metastasis?

A 
Renal
Thyroid
Prostate
Lung 
Breast
38
Q

What scoring system is used to stratify fracture risk in metastatic bone lesions?

A

Mirel scoring system

39
Q

what is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of childhood?

A

Rhabdomyosarcoma

40
Q

Pagets disease causes what x-ray findings

A

Cortical thickening

41
Q

which cell type is implicated in osteopetrosis?

A

osteoclasts

Trauma + Orthopaedics (6 decks)

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