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Musculoskeletal Y2 JC > Bone Tumours > Flashcards

Bone Tumours Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common benign bone tumour?

A

Osteochondroma

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2
Q

What benign tumours grows in the metaphyseal region of long bones?

A

Osteochondroma
Aneurysmal bone cyst
Giant cell tumour

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3
Q

Treatment for osteochondroma?

A

Excisional biopsy

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4
Q

Treatment for enchondroma?

A

Scrape out and fill with bone graft to strengthen bone

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5
Q

Where do enchondroma’s occur?

A

Intramedullary or metaphyseal cartilage tumours in femur, humerus, tibia and small bones of hands/ feet

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6
Q

What is the pathology of an enchondroma?

A

Cartilagenous tumour caused by failed endochondral ossificatoin at growth plate

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7
Q

Pathology of simple bone cyst?

A

Single cavity benign filled fluid cyst in bone

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8
Q

Treatment for simple bone cyst?

A

Curretage and bone grafting

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9
Q

What benign bone tumour has lots of chambers filled with blood or serum and occurs in metaphyses of long bones. It is locally aggressive and painful.

A

Aneurysmal bone cyst

LOTS OF CHAMBERS

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10
Q

Treatment for aneurysmal bone cyst

A

Currettage and bone grafting

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11
Q

You xray a small soft lesion around the knee, the patient mentioned it was very painful. It had a soap bubble appearance on xray. Diagnosis?

A

Giant cell tumour

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12
Q

What is the treatment for giant cell tumour?

A

Locally destroys the cortex so intralesional excision with bone cement or liquid nitrogen to destroy the remaining tumour

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13
Q

Fibrous dysplasia can result in what kind of angular deformity?

A

Shepherds crook deformity if it involves the proximal femur

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14
Q

What epidemiological group commonly gets fibrous dysplasia?

A

Adolescence as its lesions of fibrous tissue and immature bone usually picked up at this age.

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15
Q

Young teen presents with fracture of the proximal femur. It had been painful for a while before but then he fell badly. You diagnose a bone tumour and give bisphophonates and internal fixation for the fracture. What was the diagnosis?

A

Fibrous dysplasia

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16
Q

Young teen presents with intense mid leg pain worse at night. On CT there is a focal lucent nidus with surrounding sclerotic reactive bone. Diagnosis? Treatment?

A

Osteoid osteoma- benign bone tumour

CT guided radiofrequency ablatation
Or en bloc excision (surgical removal with healthy tissue margin)

NSAIDS for pain

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17
Q

What is the most common type of malignant bone tumour

A

Osteosarcoma

18
Q

Man of 20 years presents with fatigue, loss of appetite, constant pain superior to the knee worse at night. It just over the last few weeks has become really painful. What is the likely diagnosis? Treatment?

A

Osteosarcoma

Most common malignamt tumour and most commonly occcuring around the knee

Chemotherapy adjuvant (after surgery )

19
Q

Man of 45 years presents with a bony outgrowth in his proximal femur. It is painful, has been gradually growing over the last few months, and has recently been keeping him up at night. Likely diagnosis?

A

Chondrosarcoma

Common in 45 years, large and slow to metastasis

In pelvis or proximal femur

20
Q

Patient with pagets disease is predisposed to what type of primary bone tumour?

A

Fibrosarcoma and malignant fibrous histiocytoma

21
Q

Male of 15 years presents with pain in his mid arm with associated swelling, it is worse at night, he has a fever and the area around the pain is hot. You do bloods and he has raised inflammatory markers. What is the likely diagnosis?

A

Ewings sarcoma

Common 10-20years commonly misdiagnosed as osteomyelitis

22
Q

What is the treatment for ewings sarcoma?

A

Surgical removal with adjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapy

23
Q

Man 60 years presents with a soft lump on his abdomen, its been fluctuating in size over the last few years. Likely diagnosis?

A

Lipoma

24
Q

What are the most common tumours that metastasise to bone?

A

Bad boys pee through kidneys

Breast bronchus prostate thyroid kidneys

25
Q

Women of 40 years presents with localised swelling of her left hand, particularly on the palmar aspect of her index finger. it has been getting larger over the last year. Likely diagnosis?

A

Giant cell tumour of the tendon sheath

NOT NEEDED

26
Q

Young women present with a bulbous swelling of an area on the dorsum of the wrist. She has known rheumatoid arthritis. On examination the mass is squishy and transluminable. Likely diagnoiss?

A

Gangion cyst

Likely from trauma some link to RA, most common mass to occur in the wirst esp dorsum of the wrist

27
Q

What is bursitis?

A

Where the bursa around joints that reduce friction become inflammed.

Occuring commonly after repeated injury like trauma

28
Q

What is the definition of a cyst?

A

An epithelium lined sack containing solid/ semi-solid fluid

29
Q

What is the treatment for an abscess?

A

Incision and drainage

30
Q

What is the usual size of malignant soft tissue tumours

A

> 5cm

31
Q

Whta is an angiosarcoma?

A

Malignant tumour from blood vessels

32
Q

What is a fibrosarcoma

A

Malignant fibrous tissue

33
Q

What is a liposarcoma

A

Malignant tumour of fat

34
Q

What is. A rhabdomyosarcoma

A

Malignbant tumour of skeletal muscle

35
Q

What is synovial sarcoma

A

Malignant tumour of synovial lining

36
Q

What is osteochondritis?

A

Capillary compression leading to necrosis of bone

37
Q

What are some of the identified causes of avascular necrosis?

A

ALcoholism, steroid abuse

Fracture, thrombophilia, sickle cell disease, SLE,

Anything that causes increased coagulation fo the blood whether by embolism of fat or other

38
Q

What investigation of avascular necrosis changes treatment by staging it ?

A

MRI

If early drill to decompress bone

If articular surface collapsec then joint replacement or fusion

39
Q

What are the common sites to be effected by avascular necrosis?

A

Femoral head, femoral condyles, head of humerus, capitellum, scaphoid, proximal talus

40
Q

What is pagets disease?

A

Where there is abnormal bone turnoveer causing poor bone structure, commonly in pelvis, lumbar spine, skull or long bones.

Presents with saber toothing of the femur and pain. Also deaf, hot to the touch

41
Q

What is the treatment for pagets disease

A

Treat symptoms like bisphosphonates

Musculoskeletal Y2 JC (9 decks)

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