Bone Tissue (Chapter 6)

Question 1

Define bone

Answer 1

Is an organ made up of several different tissues working together.

Question 2

General functions of skeletal system

Answer 2

. Structural support 
. Protection 
. Acts as levers for motion 
. Storage area- 98% of Ca in bones 
.Hemopoises- Produces blood in bones 
. Removes heavy metals 
. Secretes hormones

Question 3

Yellow bone marrow consist of?

Answer 3

Consists of adipose cells and stores triglycerides.

Question 4

Long Bone

Answer 4

Have greater length than width and consist of diaphysis (shaft) and a variable number of epiphyses or extremities (ends). Consist mainly of compact bone tissue and spongy bone tissue.

Question 5

Short Bones

Answer 5

Cube-shaped and nearly equal in length, width, and depth.

Question 6

Flat Bones

Answer 6

Thin and composed of two nearly parallel plates of compact bone enclosing a layer of spongy bone.

Question 7

Irregular bones

Answer 7

Complex shapes and cannot be grouped into any of the three categories just described.

Question 8

Sesamoid bones

Answer 8

Develop in certain tendons where there is considerable friction compression, and physical stress.

Question 9

Sutural bones

Answer 9

Small bones located within the sutures of certain cranial bones.

Question 10

Diaphysis

Answer 10

Is the bone’s shaft.

Question 11

Epiphyses

Answer 11

Are proximal and distal ends of the bone.

Question 12

Diaphysis

Answer 12

Is the bone’s shaft.

Question 13

Articular

Answer 13

Thin layer of hyalin cartilage covering the part of the epiphysis where the bone forms an articulation with another bone. Reduces friction and absorbs shock at freely movable joints.

Question 14

Metaphyses

Answer 14

The regions between the diaphysis and the epiphyses.

Question 15

Endosteum

Answer 15

Thin membrane that lines the medullary cavity.

Question 16

Periosteum

Answer 16

Tough connective tissue and associated blood supply that surrounds the bone surface wherever it is not covered by articular cartilage. Composed of outer fibrous layer of dense irregular connective tissue and inner osteogenic layer.

Question 17

Surface markings or osseous landmarks

Answer 17

Are structural features adapted for specific functions.

Question 18

Depressions and openings

Answer 18

Form joins or allow the passage of soft tissues

Question 19

Four types of cells in bone tissue ( Histology of Osseous Connective tissue)

Answer 19

1. Osteogenic cells
2. Osteoblast
3. Osteocytes
4. Osteoclasts

Question 20

Osteogenic cells

Answer 20

Are unspecialized bone stem cells deprived from mesenchyme, the tissue from which almost all connective tissues are formed. They are the only bone cells to undergo cell division.

Question 21

Oesteoblasts

Answer 21

Bone building cells. They synthesize and secret collagen fiber and other organic components needed to build the extracellular matrix of bone tissue, they initiate calcification.

Question 22

Osteoclasts

Answer 22

Huge cells deprived from the fusion of as many as 50 monocytes are concertrated in the endosteum.

Question 23

Osteocytes

Answer 23

Mature bone cells are the main cells in bone tissue and maintain its daily metabolism such as the exchange of nutrients and wastes with the blood.

Question 24

Name two Osseous C.T

Answer 24

1. Compact bone tissue

2. Cancellous ( Trabecular) Bone or spongy bone

Question 25

Compact bone tissue ( Cortical or dense bone)

Answer 25

The type of bone tissue observed at the surface of a bone, but it also can extend deeper into the bone tissue. It makes up the bulk of the diaphyses of long bones. (6.2)

Question 26

Spongy Bone ( Trabecular or Cancellous bone tissue)

Answer 26

Does not contain osteon. Always located in the interior of a bone and protected by a covering of compact bone.

Question 27

Ossification

Answer 27

The process by which bone forms.

Question 28

Bone formation occurs in four situations

Answer 28

1. The initial formation of bones in an embryo and fetus
2. The growth of bones during infancy, childhood, and adolescence until their adult sized are reached
3. The remodeling of bone
4. The repair of fractures through out of life.

Question 29

Two kinds of ossification

Answer 29

1. Intramembranous ossification

2. Endochondral ossification

Question 30

Intramembranous ossification

Answer 30

Bone forms directly within mesenchyme which is arranged in sheet like layers that resemble membranes.
. Occurs in a flat bones of the skull, mandible and clavicle

Question 31

Endochondral ossification

Answer 31

Bone forms within hyaline cartilage that develops from mesenchyme

Question 32

Two minds of bone growth

Answer 32

. Interstitial growth – up and down

. Appositional growth-

Question 33

Bone Remodeling

Answer 33

The replacement of old bone tissue by new bone tissue. Involves bone resorption the removal of minerals and collagen fibers from bone by osteoclasts, and bone deposition, the addition of minerals and collagen fibers to bone by osteoblasts.

Question 34

Fractures

Answer 34

May be classed as to movement of the pieces

Question 35

Open (compound)- Fracture

Answer 35

The broken ends of the bone protrude the skin. A closed (simple) fracture does not break the skin. Pg. 166

Question 36

Comminuted- Fracture

Answer 36

The bone is splintered crushed, or broken into pieces at the sit of impact, and smaller bone fragments lie between the two main fragments.Pg 166

Question 37

Greenstick- Fracture

Answer 37

A partial fracture in which one side of the bone is broken and the other side bends.
Pg.166

Question 38

Impacted- Fracture

Answer 38

One end of the fractured bone is forcefully driven into the interior of the other. Pg. 167

Question 39

Pott- Fracture

Answer 39

The distal end of the lateral leg bone (fibula), with serious injury of the distal tibial articulation. Pg 167

Question 40

Colles- Fracture

Answer 40

Fracture of the distal end of the lateral forearm bone (radius) in which the distal fragment is displaced posteriorly.