Bone Tissue

Question 1

Functions of bone

Answer 1

support soft tissues and provide attachment points for muscles (origins and insertions), storage (calcium phosphate) and lipids, protection (brain, heart, and lungs), blood cell production in bone marrow, leverage for skeletal muscles

Question 2

Bone that develops within tendons due to friction

Answer 2

seasmoid bones (patella)

Question 3

Types of bones

Answer 3

long bone, flat bones, irregular bones, short bones, and seasmoid bones

Question 4

precursor to matrix, made by osteoblasts

Answer 4

osteoids

Question 5

fibers+ground substance

Answer 5

matrix

Question 6

matrix composed of?

Answer 6

25% water, 25% collagen fibers, and 50% mineral salts (calcium phosphate)

Question 7

storage bank of calcium phosphate in bone matrix forms?

Answer 7

strong crystals

Question 8

run along long-axis, tough and flexible, weakest point is side of bone

Answer 8

collage fibers

Question 9

combination of collagen and crystals gives bone?

Answer 9

strength but flexibilty

Question 10

lateral bowing of bone

Answer 10

rickets

Question 11

breakdown of hyaline cartilage

Answer 11

osteoarthritis

Question 12

develops into an osteoblasts

Answer 12

osteoprogenitor cell

Question 13

builds bone matrix

Answer 13

osteoblasts

Question 14

maintains bone tissue

Answer 14

osteocytes

Question 15

breaks down bone extracellular matrix, from white blood cell lineage, weakens bones, estrogen and testosterone

Answer 15

osteoclasts

Question 16

tough membrane on outer surface of bone, contains outer (fibrous) and inner (cellular/osteogenic) layers, connected to bone with perferating (Sharpey’s) fibers, vascular, joint capsules, tendons, ligaments (collagen), bone growth and repair, attaches bone to deep fascia (dense irregular tissue)

Answer 16

periosteum

Question 17

lines marrow cavity (medullary cavity), covers spongy bone at ends of long bones, covers internal central canal, incomplete cellular layer, contains osteoblasts, osteoprogenitor cells, and osteoclasts

Answer 17

endosteum

Question 18

dense, solid, on outside of long bones, heavy

Answer 18

compact bone

Question 19

lightens skeleton, found where bones are not heavily stressed, at expanded portions of long bones

Answer 19

spongy bone

Question 20

T or F: bone is avascular

Answer 20

F

Question 21

repeating structural units that make up compact bone AKA Haversian Systems

Answer 21

osteons

Question 22

circular plates of mineralized extracellular matrix of increasing diameter, surrounding a small network of blood vessels and nerves located in the central canal (growth rings of a tree)

Answer 22

concentric lamellae

Question 23

get nutrients and rid waste products from osteocytes, connect to each other with gap junctions

Answer 23

canaliculi

Question 24

in which a small network of blood vessels and nerves are located surrounded by concentric lamellae

Answer 24

central canal

Question 25

blood vessels and nerves from the periosteum are able to penetrate the compact bone

Answer 25

perforating canals

Question 26

areas between neighboring osteons, which also have lacunae with osteons and canaliculi, fragments of older osteons that have been partially destroyed during bone rebuilding or growth

Answer 26

institial lamellae

Question 27

lamellae arranged around the entire outer and inner circumference of the shaft of a long bone; develop during initial bone formation

Answer 27

circumferential lamellae

Question 28

lamellae that are arranged in an irregular pattern of thin columns in spongy bone

Answer 28

trabeculae

Question 29

type of bone with no osteons unless trabeculae are very thick, can withstand stresses applied from many directions, in epiphyses

Answer 29

spongy bone

Question 30

expanded portions of long bones connect with joints

Answer 30

epiphysis

Question 31

shaft of bone

Answer 31

diaphysis

Question 32

anatomy of long bone? 3 portions

Answer 32

epiphysis, diaphysis, and metaphysis

Question 33

in growing bone where epiphyseal/growth plates are located; in between epiphysis and diaphysis

Answer 33

metaphysis

Question 34

contain cartilage and where process of endochondrial ossification occurs to increase bone in length

Answer 34

ephipyseal/growth plates

Question 35

enter the diaphysis and invade cartilage model at start of endochondrial ossification

Answer 35

nutrient vessels

Question 36

supply the epiphyseal plate

Answer 36

metaphyseal vessels

Question 37

to superficial osteon

Answer 37

periosteal vessels

Question 38

supply the epiphysis

Answer 38

epiphyseal vessels

Question 39

articular cartilage = ?

Answer 39

hyaline

Question 40

2 steps of bone formation

Answer 40

intramembranous ossification and endochondrial ossification

Question 41

forms flat bones of skull, mandible, and clavicle; bone forms in mesenchyme that is arranged in sheets which resemble membranes

Answer 41

intramembranous ossification

Question 42

most bones form this way, including all long bones, begins with hyaline cartilage

Answer 42

endochondrial ossificaiton

Question 43

what artery leads to medullary cavity?

Answer 43

nutrient artery in endochondrial ossification

Question 44

make blood cells in endochondrial ossification

Answer 44

medullary cavity

Question 45

where long bones grow in length (interstitial growth), cartilage cells grow in length followed by bone cells (cartilage and bone race)

Answer 45

epiphyseal plate

Question 46

these portions of endochondrial ossification occurs in epiphyses of bone

Answer 46

secondary ossification center