Bone Structure and Function

Question 1

What is spongy bone?

Answer 1

A very porous type of bone that contains red bone marrow. It is usually located near the ends of ;ong bones surrounded by compact bone

Question 2

What is compact bone?

Answer 2

Forms the hard outer shell of bones. Contains tiny passages for veins, nerves, or bone repairing cells.

Question 3

Red bone marrow

Answer 3

-Found mostly in flat bones
-pelvis,scapula,skull and sternum
-stem cells grown into the red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets.
- Hematopiesis- generatiob of red blood cells

Question 4

Yellow bone marrow

Answer 4

-Found in medullary cavity of long bones
-Femur and humerus
-Contains mesenchymal stem cells
-Produce cartilage, fat and bones
-aids in storage of fats in cells called adipocytes

Question 5

Osteoblasts

Answer 5

A cell that secretes the matrix for bone formation.

Question 6

Osteoclasts

Answer 6

A type of bone cell that breaks down bone tissue

Question 7

Epiphysis

Answer 7

End point of a long bone that grows separately from the shaft

Question 8

Diaphysis

Answer 8

Shaft, central part of long bone

Question 9

Cartilage

Answer 9

At the ends of each growing bone

Question 10

Periosteum

Answer 10

Dense layer of connective tissue covering bones, except at joints

Question 11

Medullary cavity

Answer 11

Central cavity of bone where bone marrow is located

Question 12

Haversian canal

Answer 12

Surround blood vessels and nerve cells throughout bones and communicate with bone cells.

Question 13

Osteocyte

Answer 13

A bone cell, formed when an osteoblast becomes embedded in the matrix it has secreted.

Question 14

Commuted fracture

Answer 14

A break or splinter of the bone into more than two fragments

Question 15

Depression fracture

Answer 15

Fracture of the skull

Question 16

Compression fracture

Answer 16

A fracture that occurs because of compression of the bone in the spine

Question 17

Transverse fracture

Answer 17

Break of bone at a right angle

Question 18

Oblique fracture

Answer 18

The bone breaks diagonally

Question 19

Spiral fracture

Answer 19

Occuring when a rotating force is applied along the axis of a bone

Question 20

Greenstick fracture

Answer 20

Fracture in a young, soft bone in which the bone bends and breaks

Question 21

Open fracture

Answer 21

Open wound

Question 22

Closed fracture

Answer 22

Non wound fracture

Question 23

Osteon

Answer 23

structural unit of compact bone

Question 24

Osteon parts

Answer 24

lamellae, lacunae, canaliculi, haversian canal

Question 25

Haversian canal

Answer 25

one of a network of tubes running through compact bone that contains blood vessels and nerves

Question 26

Canalicul (Compact bone)

Answer 26

Small channels that connect lacunae; allow for nutrient exchange and cellular communication between osteocytes.

Question 27

Lacuna (compact bone)

Answer 27

spaces where osteocytes are trapped

Question 28

Lamallae

Answer 28

rings around the central canal, sites of lacunae

Question 29

trabeculae

Answer 29

supporting bundles of bony fibers in canellos (spongy) bone

Question 30

Periosteum

Answer 30

Double layered connective tissue that covers and nourishes the bone. Fibrou layer osteogenic layer.

Question 31

fibrous layer of peritoneum

Answer 31

-Outer layer made of Dense irregular connective tissue (collage)
-where muscle attaches to bone
-vascularized
-It is also has nerves to sense pain when the tissue is damaged

Question 32

Osteogenic layer of periosteum

Answer 32

-inner layer
-osteogenic=bone creating
-Contains osteoblasts. which are cells responsible for making the extracellular matrix of bone.

Question 33

Foramen

Answer 33

Round or oval opening through a bone

Question 34

epiphyseal plate

Answer 34

growth plate, made of cartilage, gradually ossifies