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SAS kban RUSVM > Bone Screws and Plates - Betance > Flashcards

Bone Screws and Plates - Betance Flashcards

1
Q

Cancellous screws are used in

A

softer/spongey bone

- metaphyseal or epiphyseal bone

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2
Q

Cortical screws are used in

A

harder bone

- cortex, diaphyseal

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3
Q

Shaft screws are used when/how/where?

A

used for lag application in diaphyseal bone

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4
Q

Cannulated screws are used when?

A

used in more difficult fractures

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5
Q

Locking head screws are used when?

A

used in locking compression plates

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6
Q

What is a self tapping screw?

A

it’s a cortical screw that has a head at the tip like a drill bit. It allows screw placement without predrilling a hole and tapping.

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7
Q

What kind of pitch/thread does a cancellous screw have?

A

a larger pitch and a deeper thread. It can be partially or fully threaded

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8
Q

What kind of pitch/thread does a cortical screw have?

A

smaller pitch and shallow threads. This allows for more threads per inch. It’s fully threaded

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9
Q

what kind of thread does a shaft screw have?

A

partially threaded (AT THE DISTAL END). It’s a cortical screw!!!!!!

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10
Q

Tell me about the structure of a cannulated screw

A

it has a central hollow core. K-wire holds reduced fx and acts as a guide

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11
Q

what would you use a compression plate on?

A

a transverse or nearly transverse fracture

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12
Q

what would you use a neutralization plate on?

A

an oblique or communicated fracture

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13
Q

What would you use a bridging (buttress) plate on?

A

they basically bridge diaphyseal fractures

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14
Q

What does a compression plate do, exactly?

A

allows compression of bone at the fracture site

  • compression is applied by the spherical gliding principle and occurs with an eccentric loaded screw
  • the plate needs to be shaped to bone
  • allows for compression of the opposite cortex
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15
Q

What does a neutralization plate do, exactly?

A
  • anatomical reduction is accomplished with the use of lag screws or cerclage wires
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16
Q

What forces does a neutralization plate protect against?

A
  • rotation
  • bending
  • shearing forces
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17
Q

Where is a bridging plate secured to?

A

proximal and distal fracture fragments. It spans the comminuted part of the fracture

18
Q

what does a bridging plate prevent?

A

prevents axial deformity as a result of shear or bending forces

19
Q

How can a dynamic compression plate be used?

A
  • neutralization
  • compression
  • bridge plating
20
Q

Limited Contact Dynamic Compression Plates can be used in 3 different ways:

A
  • compression
  • neutralization
  • bridging functions
21
Q

LC-DCPs do what to cortical perfusion?

A

improves it!!! it has decreased plate to bone contact. It also reduces stress concentration at screw holes

22
Q

what functions can a Locking Compression Plate have?

A
  • compression
  • neutralization
  • bridging function
23
Q

what else can a locking compression plate be called?

A

an internal fixator

24
Q

What specific ortho thing is the LCP good for?

A

Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO)! It has a tapered tip.

25
Q

which type of plate would you use in an area that requires complex plate contouring such as the mandible?

A

A reconstruction plate! It allows for contouring in an additional plane. It’s not as strong as a DCP though.

26
Q

What plate would you use in super thin bones?

A

A VCP (veterinary cuttable plate). It’s relatively week, can be stacked, and does not have any compression function

27
Q

What plate would you use in a chihuahua thing?

A

miniplates! They are teeny tiny and have self-tapping screws

28
Q

What plate classification is a string of pearls?

A

A locking plate. It can contour in any direction

29
Q

What screws would you use for a string of pearls plate?

A

unicortical screws.

30
Q

Does the string of pearls compress?

A

Nope! It neutralizes or bridges

31
Q

What kind of plate would you use in a hip dysplasia patient?

A

Triple Pelvic Osteotomy plates. It changes the angle

32
Q

What kind of plate would you use in an area with little soft tissue covering?

A

tubular plates

33
Q

Where do you place the bone plate on the bone?

A

On the tension side of the bone. Plates will likely fail on the compression side

34
Q

What do plates achieve?

A

They convert distracting/tension forces into compression forces with weight-bearing

35
Q

How many cortices on each side of the fracture line should you engage when bone plating?

A

at least 6! (at least 3 screws)

36
Q

Where should the bone plate span?

A

the diaphysis of the bone if possible

37
Q

How far from the fracture line should screws be placed?

A

at least 5mm

38
Q

When do you place screws in a fracture line?

A

ONLY if a lag/position screw!

39
Q

Where is an interlocking nail placed?

A

a stainless steel nail placed within the MEDULLARY CAVITY. (it gets locked to the bone by screws that cross the bone and pass through holes in the nail)

40
Q

What are interlocking nails used for?

A

mid diaphyseal fractures of the humerus, femur, and tibia

41
Q

How do you place interlocking nails, retrograde or normograde?

A

NORMOGRADE

42
Q

what forces do interlocking nails resist?

A

bending, shearing, and rotational forces

SAS kban RUSVM (2 decks)

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