Bone Physiology

Question 1

functions of skeletal

Answer 1

structure(gives you shape), hematopoies (makes blood cells), protection and storage of calcium

Question 2

periosteum

Answer 2

outer covering of bone, highly vascular with nerve supply

Question 3

tendon

Answer 3

muscle to bone

Question 4

ligament

Answer 4

bone to bone

Question 5

endosteum

Answer 5

tough membrane that lines medullary cavity, contains osteoblasts

Question 6

foramen

Answer 6

where the nerves and blood vessels enter bone

Question 7

epiphyses

Answer 7

ends of bone, spongy bone

Question 8

diaphysis

Answer 8

shaft of bone, compact bone

Question 9

red marrow function

Answer 9

blood cell manufacture

Question 10

yellow marrow funtion

Answer 10

fat storage

Question 11

haversian canal

Answer 11

dark circles, access points for nutrients

Question 12

lacunae

Answer 12

little caves where osteocytes are found

Question 13

canaliculi

Answer 13

air tunnels that connect lacunae

Question 14

transcytosis

Answer 14

passes nutrients on to lacunaes

Question 15

lamellae

Answer 15

rings, matrix

Question 16

haversian

Answer 16

runs length of long bone (think shape of letter H)

Question 17

volkman

Answer 17

branch from haversian to deliver throughout bones (think shape of letter V)

Question 18

hydroxyapatite

Answer 18

salt crystals, main component of matrix

Question 19

osteoblasts function

Answer 19

builders

Question 20

osteoclasts funtion

Answer 20

wreckers, secrete acid that dissovles calcium phosphate compounds

Question 21

osteocytes funtion

Answer 21

maintenance workers

Question 22

endochondrial definition and process

Answer 22

growth in length at epiphyseal plate

1. hyaline cartilage forms model
2. cells blow up like a balloon, pressure on matrix
3. matrix crumbles, cells die, periosteum forms
4. blood vessels and osteoblasts invade and bone disintegrates
5. osteoblasts build spongy bone
6. osteoblasts turn into osteocytes
7. compact bone into periosteum

Question 23

reserve cartilage

Answer 23

resting chodrocytes

Question 24

proliferation

Answer 24

newly dividing chondrocytes

Question 25

hypertrophy

Answer 25

older enlarged cartilage cells

Question 26

calcification

Answer 26

cells that have dies and are ready for their cartilagenous shells to be ossified